AND HORTICULTURE. 17 
development of sugar has been stated in an analysis made 
in France on white beets, giving an increase of about 
18 per cent. of sugar,* to which the remarkable augmenta- 
tion of the sweetness of the strawberries, in the same place, 
is additional evidence. 
Comparing the experiments made in southern Finland 
and in Burgundy, we find the results in general to be the 
same, but the increase seems to be less in Burgundy. We 
must, however, remember that the weather during the 
summer of 1888 in Burgundy was exceptionally bad, and, 
considering the law of greater development in the more 
vigorous vegetation, we cannot assert that the fact of a less 
increase per cent. in southern regions is sufficiently proved. 
§ 5. Experiments continued—After a long interval the ex- 
periments were resumed in 1898. Some of the questions still 
remained unanswered. Amongst these was the question : 
What time of the day is the best for applying electricity, 
and is the effect proportional to the time during which it 
is applied ? 
During the interval between the experiments a new type 
of influence machine had been constructed, with cylinders 
instead of plates, rotating in the opposite direction. This 
type of apparatus, which has since been modified again,+ 
came in use in the summer of 1898, when the experiments 
were carried out at Villa Kammio, near Helsingfors, where 
Dr. W. Lybeck had kindly given a piece of land in his 
garden and a room for the machine. In these experiments 
the soil for the experimental field, as well as for the control 
field, was divided into two parts, whereby its properties were 
equalised. The machine was in motion from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m., 
and from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m., or about eight hours daily. 
The experiments began on June 17th, and by the middle 
of July tobacco plants on the experimental field showed so 
evident a superiority that photographs of both fields were 
taken, one of the experimental field and one of the control 
* See result of the analysis on page 47. t+ See Fig. 5, page 21. 
c 
wan, 
