LABOR 89 



the individual employees. Meeting of employees for educa- 

 tional purposes should be held weekly. Other meetings may be 

 held, such as for the education of the superintendents, salesmen, 

 etc. 



It may be argued that such subjects as market requirements 

 and the science of butter making and ice cream making should 

 not be given as a general course of instruction to employees. It 

 has been found, however, that lectures of that nature are of 

 interest to the entire organization and particularlj' to the 

 manufacturing department, for it is very important that the 

 butter maker should know about the demands of the buyers; if 

 he has this knowledge he will be better able to satisfy their 

 demands. 



3. Creating Loyalty among the Employees. — The employer 

 who is taking an active interest in the welfare of his employees 

 will invariably succeed in gaining their confidence and loyalty. 

 It is to the advantage of the business concern to have the em- 

 ployees feel keenly that they are part of the organization. It 

 is also important that there should exist the very best feeling 

 among the employees so that the work of the different depart- 

 ments may be carried on harmoniously. Social gatherings, 

 picnics, and entertainments of various kinds are becoming more 

 customary as factory functions. The employees thus become 

 better acquainted and warmer friends, and they become more 

 loyal to the company by which they are employed. 



Organization of the Working Force. — It is not necessary 

 to consider the labor organization of a small factory where the 

 secretary and the butter maker do all the work, nor of a plant 

 which hires from one to three helpers. In both cases a man of 

 ordinary intelligence can readily organize such a small force 

 so that it will render the greatest amount of service. 



I. Division of Responsibility. — But as the creamery industry 

 becomes more centralized, the factories become larger and the 

 organization of labor becomes a more complex problem. This 

 may be seen by a glance at the following chart which illustrates 

 the more common form of organization of labor in a large plant 

 for the manufacture of butter and ice cream. 



