CHAPTER XII 



COST OF WATER 



Where the water is pumped in the creamery it is scarcely 

 realized that water costs money. In that instance it will also be 

 unnecessary from the stand point of profit and loss to deter- 

 mine the cost of the water for a small plant, as that will be in- 

 cluded under the total cost of fuel, labor, suppUes, depreciation, 

 etc. If the water is purchased from the city the item of expense 

 is apparent, and first, then, the creamery manager begins to 

 make an effort to reduce the cost thereof and in doing so it is 

 essential to know what the water is used for. This is most 

 readily determined by having separate meters on the water 

 pipes leading to the different departments. Water may be used 

 to advantage in great quantities in the creamery, but it should 

 not be wasted. 



A. POWER REQUIRED FOR PUMPING WATER 



The amount of power required to elevate water varies directly 

 with the quantity and with the height to which it is to be ele- 

 vated. Therefore it requires twice as much power to elevate 

 loo pounds 20 feet per minute as is required to elevate 50 pounds 

 20 feet per minute, and it requires twice as much power to 

 elevate 100 pounds of water 40 feet as is required to elevate the 

 same amount of water 20 feet. 



The theoretical power required for pumping water is calcu- 

 lated in terms of horse power from the following formula: 



Y _ g X 8.3.S X (h + f) 

 33,000 » 



> One horse power is 33,000 foot pounds per minute. 

 158 



