126 SURFACE GEOLOGY. 
the north-west side of Long bay a small brook has brought down a deposit 
of sand and gravel which is crossed by the railroad. 
The mouth of Lake Winnipiseogee is a narrow channel called the Wiers, 
because of dams made here by the Indians for taking fish. No modi- 
fied drift of the ordinary kind occurs near this outlet or along the shore 
of the lake north-west to Meredith Village. A small kame-like deposit of 
coarse gravel and sand, 40 feet above the lake, occurs a short distance 
north-east from Meredith depot; and alluvial sand about 25 feet in height 
borders the brook which flows into the head of this bay and extends half 
a mile eastward along the lake shore. Wukawan lake and Long pond, 
which lie on the north-east side of the railroad above Meredith, are the 
same in height, being 36 feet above high water in Winnipiseogee lake. 
They are separated by a swampy area, but with this exception are sur- 
rounded on all sides by till or ledge. Another Long pond, one half mile 
east of Center Harbor and about 10 feet above the lake, has a small area 
of alluvial sand and clay at its outlet. 
The shores of Squam and Little Squam lakes, like those of Winnipi- 
seogee, are: almost wholly composed of till or ledge. The only modified 
drift seen in a journey by the roads along the east and south sides of 
Squam lake was at a point a mile and a half south-east from White Oak 
pond. This consists of kame-like gravel and sand, irregularly stratified, 
with occasional large boulders on the surface. A well defined kame, 15 
to 25 feet high, extends a fourth of a mile west from the bridge between 
these lakes along the north shore of Little Squam. This ridge contains 
frequent angular boulders up to three or four feet in diameter. Squam 
river above Ashland is bordered by low alluvium a few hundred feet 
wide. Its total descent is 110 feet, nearly all of which is utilized for 
water-power. 
At the head of Moultonborough bay we find swampy land along its 
east shore for a mile, and farther east an extensive deposit of sand, un- 
dulating and partly covered with pines, reaching a mile from the lake, 
with its highest portions 40 feet above it. The next modified drift is 
four miles to the south-east at Melvin village. Melvin river here brought 
down in the Champlain period a small plain of gravel and sand, which 
since that time has been partly excavated by the stream, and partly un- 
dermined and carried away by the lake, so that it now forms a terrace 20 
