MODIFIED DRIFT IN PISCATAQUA BASIN. 157 
“On the contrary, there are several large springs on the borders of the 
lower plains, which are supplied from the body of sand constituting the 
plain above, and probably in some instances from the pond itself. On 
the side next the city the springs are about 41 feet lower than the pond, 
and are of such size that they supply the water for the Cochecho Aque- 
duct Co. It is probable that these springs are subterranean outlets for 
the water of the pond, and undoubtedly these and all the others drain 
some portions of the sandy plain surrounding the pond. = * 
“How extensive the area is which furnishes water to the pond we have 
no reliable means of determining, because the water-courses and divides 
are hidden beneath the surface. It may be stated in a general way that 
the wells sunk into this plain indicate that the water-table rises towards 
the north and west, and falls towards the south and east.” 
In 1876 a water-pipe was laid from this pond to Dover, for which a 
ditch was dug 25 feet deep for a quarter of a mile through the bordering 
plain. This ditch (Fig. 39) showed 
the plain to consist of interstrati- 
fied gravel and sand, the former pre- 
dominating, and containing abundant 
Fig. 39.—SECTION OF PLAIN AT WIL- 
LAND POND, SOMERSWORTH. 
a half in diameter. The whole ap- Depth, 25 feet. 
pebbles, of all sizes up to a foot and 
pearance is kame-like, but the materials are nearly level in stratification. 
The layers of sand were from a few inches to two feet in thickness, but 
were short, not being apparently continuous over large areas. At some 
points only the coarse gravel was found, with no clear sand. No boulders 
were seen on the surface or in the excavation. 
This plain about Willand pond is the highest land between Salmon 
Falls and Cochecho rivers, the descent to which is over uneven areas of 
ledge or till, The shores of the pond on all sides rise steeply to the level 
of the plain. Much of this escarpment appears to have resulted from the 
undermining action of waves. In other portions the gravel and sand were 
deposited with this slope, which, near the point where water is taken for 
the city of Dover, continues to a depth of 60 feet below the surface of the 
pond at ten rods from its shore. At that time the hollow which is now 
filled by the pond, and the wide valleys to the east and west, appear to 
have been occupied by portions of the departing ice-sheet. 
