GLACIAL DRIFT. 281 
other hill in the west part of the city is broader, and no excavations of 
consequence are visible. The surface deposit is altogether that of the 
upper till, and identical with that on Munjoy’s. The coarseness of this 
deposit has led to its reference to the usual glacier drift by many geol- 
ogists; but I think its proper place is now found by a reference to the 
upper till, A few have regarded the fossiliferous deposits as of Tertiary 
age, because the upper till overlies them. It is very easy to see how 
such a mistake could be made, if the distinction between the upper and 
lower tills is overlooked. 
An examination of the Champlain deposits shows they do not occur 
upon the tops of these hills, but encircle them, and in strata dipping 
quaquaversally outwards. Fig. 59 is chosen from a locality where Mr. 
C. B. Fuller found mussel shells lying in a position analogous to that 
assumed by the living animals, The siphon-holes above them still re- 
mained, where sand had silted into them from above. Such specimens 
could not have been transported by waves. A list of all the known 
fossiliferous localities is the following: 
Along east side of Munjoy’s hill for 400 yards between Eastern promenade and the 
Grand Trunk Railway. 
Portland Company’s works, St. Lawrence street. 
Adams street. 
Between Fore street and the custom-house. 
Cove on Washington street opposite north end of race-course. 
From this point to Fox street. 
Between Washington and North streets. 
In an old pit on Congress street above Mountfort street. 
Almost anywhere north of Congress street between Alder and Anderson streets. 
Congress street north of reservoir. 
Old slide next canal, described by Prof. E. S. Morse. 
For 200 yards at the foot of Emery street. 
Knightsville,—nodules containing shells, fish, etc.; very abundantly in Deering, 
Woodstock, Cape Elizabeth, and islands in Casco bay. 
A list of the fossils found about this city by Mr. Fuller embraces 5 
vertebrates, 31 crustacea, 2 annulosa, 55 mollusca, 2 echinoderms, and 26 
foraminifera,—121 species in all. Undoubtedly every one of these creat- 
ures lived at the same time in the New Hampshire waters, only a few 
miles distant, where the facilities for their preservation did not exist. 
