GLACIAL DRIFT. 319 
Evidence has been often stated showing that the south end of Green- 
land, for a space of 600 miles, is sinking, and the north end rising. 
Tyson and Bessel speak of marine shells found 1700-2000 feet above 
the sea level near Polaris bay. If there were shoal water between 
Greenland and Labrador, the glaciers would push across to the main land 
of the American continent. 
Tue AMERICAN CENTRE OF DISPERSION. 
It seems probable from the latest grouping of facts that some part of 
the Labrador peninsula may be considered as the centre from which the 
ice west and south-west from Greenland has radiated. Greenland may 
be regarded as an area by itself, never confluent necessarily with the 
Labrador or principal American ice-sheet. The various facts in support 
of this view will now be stated. 
The greatest amount of glaciated territory indicates a south-westward 
course. This is seen over the highlands between Hudson’s bay and the 
St. Lawrence valley, the valley itself, western New York, Ohio, and so 
on to the extreme west edge of the drift. It is very prominent from the 
Lake of the Woods and Lake Superior, near the national boundary to 
the Rocky Mountains. In New England the dominant course is south- 
easterly, with both south and west of south directions. The same is 
true of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Accounts differ for New- 
foundland. J. F. Campbell’s observations indicate greater variation, 
possibly a radiation in every direction. Murray’s observations are said 
to show a south-westerly course, but a recorded observation from him is 
about S. 30° E. On the east coast of Labrador the map shows several 
fiords, as if there had been an ice-sheet upon the upper part of the 
peninsula moving north-east and east. Hind finds glacial markings on 
the Moisie river, and notes a remarkable absence of boulders up to 1,000 
feet in height. He does not state in what direction the ice moved. Prof. 
O. M. Lieber’s sketches in the coast survey report do not suggest uni- 
versal, but local glaciation, as if the ice came from the peninsula itself, 
not from Greenland. Packard describes glacial markings in the Hamil- 
ial inlet fisrd running to the north-east. On the southern shore, Packard 
thinks the movement was to the south-east, towards N. ewfoundland. 
Farther north, the Meta incognita just north of Hudson’s straits shows 
