DESCRIPTION OF A CAMERA USED IN SKETCHING, 373 
the help of a camera. This is like a photograph, reproducing nature exactly. A com- 
parison of the two styles of profiles will suggest many interesting remarks. 
The view from Monadnock is inserted by request, as it completely verifies the cor- 
rectness of the scout Willard’s report in 1725. He ‘‘saw Pigwackett lying one point 
from sd mountain and Cusagee mountain and Winnipesockey laying north East of sd 
Wannadnock.” The mountains now called Pequawket, Kearsarge, and Gunstock may 
be seen in precisely the positions given by Willard. This fact indicates the correctness 
of the common application of the names Pequawket and Kearsarge. Within the past 
two years the people of North Conway and Bartlett are beginning to write the name of 
their mountain Kearsarge instead of Kiarsarge. 
APPENDIX J. 
DESCRIPTION OF A SHEET OF PROFILES TAKEN WITH A TOPOGRAPHICAL 
CAMERA. 
By J. Rayner Epmanps. 
The topographical camera is a portable instrument, a modification of the old camera 
obscura, by the aid of which one may draw the forms of objects as seen from the point 
occupied, covering a large horizontal angle without distortion or variation of scale. A 
description of it will be found in Appalachia, Volume I, page 169. 
In the summer of 1876, the writer, with the first instrument of the kind, visited several 
White Mountain summits, to test its performance, hardly expecting at first to obtain 
material of permanent value. When, therefore, the results proved worthy of publica- 
tion, it became a matter of regret that they were so fragmentary in their nature; for no 
view had been drawn throughout the whole circle, and vacant foregrounds or hazy back- 
grounds rendered much of the work unavailable. During the following summer a few 
additional drawings were made; but, owing to unforeseen circumstances, the omissions 
of the year before were not generally supplied. It is also to be regretted that copies 
of the camera drawings have not been carried, for revision, to the points at which they 
were made. In presenting the profiles shown upon the accompanying plate in the Atlas, 
the writer is conscious that much remains undone which would materially improve their 
appearance, since he has rigidly adhered to the rule of showing nothing which does 
not appear on the original drawings, except that a few conspicuous omissions are sup- 
plied in dotted lines. 
The accuracy with which the relative positions of objects can be drawn has been 
established by measurements upon independent profiles of the same subject, and also 
by comparison with the readings of a telescopic instrument. In some cases, haze or 
insufficient illumination may have caused the omission of lines or parts of lines; in 
some cases, subordinate lines may have been given undue prominence in making or 
copying the drawing; but in general the forms may be relied upon in considerable 
