12 B Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 



in several other plants, notably arctic and alpine, the organs of reproduction 

 in these are flowers transformed into small shoots or bulblets, instead of being 

 stolons developed from the basal leaves. In Aira alpina, for instance (fig. 3), 

 the spikelets are transformed into leafy shoots, since the flowering glume, the 

 palet, and the sexual organs have developed in the shape of green leaves with 

 sheaths and blades, while the empty glumes show the typical structure of 

 glumes. A similar transformation of flowers into leafy shoots is known also 

 from the arctic-alpine Polygonum viviparum, from some of the Saxifragae, S. 

 cernua and S. stellaris, where most of the flowers develop in the shape of bulblets, 

 but the almost total absence of flowers and the vegetative reproduction being 

 effected by means of true stolons seems to be especially characteristic of Glyceria 

 vilfoidea. 



G. tenella Lge. and G. vaginata Lge. were also collected on the. expedition 

 and since the former has been so very poorly described in Ostenfeld's Flora 

 Arctica, and the latter having been merged into G. distans (L.) Wahlenb. by this 

 same author, I deem it necessary to insert the original diagnoses of these, and 

 of some other arctic Glyceriae, which may prove useful to future students of 

 arctic plants. Some of the species have been illustrated with respect to the 

 structure of the spikelets in the text-figures. 



Glyceria tenella Lge. (Fig. A: 10-13) is described in Kjellman and Lund- 

 strom's Fanerogamer frln Novaja Semlja: "Gl. caespitoso-pulvinata, multi- 

 caulis, caulibus gracilibus circa 3" longis, adscendentibus (v. prostratis?) ; foliis 

 angustissime linearibus, complicatis, obtuse et oblique mucronatis; ligula 

 brevissima, truncata; panicula brevi, laxa, racemiformi, contracta, florendi 

 tempore e vagina folii caulini superioris vix exserta, ramis laevibus 1-2 in verti- 

 ciUis, inaequilongis; spiculis glabris, circa 3-floris, floribus invicem remotis; 

 glumis obtusiusculis, superiore subduplo longiore; palea inferiore violacea vel 

 viridi, anguste albomarginata, obtusa vel subtruncata, leviter erosa, 3-5 nervi; 

 antheris pallide fuscis vel sordide luteis; ovario elliptico-ovali, sty lis invicem 

 subdistantibus terminate. Hab. In sinu Rogatschew insularum Novaja- 

 Semlja et ad promontorium Grebeni insulae Wajgatsch legerunt F. R. Kjellman 

 et A. N. Lundstroem mense Julii 1875. 



"Habitu nee non pluribus characteribus a reliquis Glyceriis mihi notis dis- 

 tincta, maxime ad Gl. vaginatam Lge. et Gl. distantis var. pulvinatam accedens, 

 cum nuUis harum tamen associanda." 



G. tenella Lge. forma pumila Lge. (in Holm: Novaia Zemlia's Vegetation). 



"Differt a typo in insulis Novaia Zemlia a cl. Kjellman et Lundstroem 

 lecto: statura pumila, culmis vix ultra 1" longis, panicula (racemo brevi) florendi 

 tempore extra folium sup. exserta; palea inf. magis obsolete nervata. Forsan 

 G. tenella ipsa (hac forma inclusa) ad G. vaginatam Lge. e Groenlandia (Fl. 

 Dan. T. 2583) ut forma reducta trahenda est, sed haec panicula magis effusa et 

 ramosa, spiculis 5-6 floris gluma inf. latiore differt. 



Hab. in rupibus insulae Novaia Zemlia ad Petuchowskoj Schar. 



Glyceria vaginata Lge. (Consp. Fl. Groenl.) (Fig. A: 18). 



"Dense caespitosa; culmo ad basin 1-2 nodis geniculate, articulo superiore 

 elongato, fere ad paniculam usque vagina ampla, folii lamina multo longiore 

 incluso; foliis moUibus, anguste linearibus, laevissimis, glaucis, planis vel sicca- 

 tione involutis, ligula brevi, obtusa; panicula laxa, ramis subgeminis, capillaribus, 

 ante et post anthesin erectis; spiculis laxe 5-6-floris, glumis ovatis, obtusis, 

 inferiore duplo breviore, palea inf. concava, obtusissima, obsolete 5-nervia, 

 basi pilosiuscula, super, paulo longiore, truncata, apice eroso-ciliata." Known, 

 so far only from the coast of West Greenland. 



Glyceria? Kjellmanni Lge. (Fig. A: 21-26.) (in Kjellman & Lundstrom: 

 Fanerog. fr. Novaja Semlja). 



