Arctic Plants: Morphology and Synonymy 15 b 



Lange (Consp. Fl. Groenl. I.e.) describes this as follows: 



"Caespitosa, 1-1|' longa, culmis e basi geniculate adscendentibus v. erectis, 

 rigidis (v. rarius laxiusculis) ; foliis planis, exsiccando involutis; panicula ampla 

 (ad 6" longa), rachi inflorescentiae scabro, ramis firmis, erecto-patulis (raro 

 divaricatis), ante et post anthesin adpressis; spiculis majusculis 5-8-floris, glumis 

 acutiusculis, infer, duplo breviore; palea inf. 3-5-nervia, obtusa, apice eroso- 

 denticulata. 



"Var: 



";8 kxa nob. ((?. arcitca Hook, ex descriptione) Dur. pi. Kan. No. 97 (ex loco 

 natali) foliis latioribus, planis, flaccidis, pagina superiore scabris; paniculae 

 ramis infer. 2-3 in verticillis, post anthesin divaricato-reflexis; spiculis varie- 

 gatis, 6-8-floris. 



"y capillarisnoh., culmis flaccidis; foliis elongatis, angustis, supra laevibus; 

 panicula nutante, ramis longiusculis, capillaceis, flexuosis 2-3 in verticillis, de- 

 floratis erecto-patulis, inferne longo spatio nudis, spiculis laxe 5-6-floris, viridibus. 



"3 dasyantha nob., rigidiuscula, praecedentibus humilior, palea inf. e basi 

 ad medium dorso lateribusque pubescente, basi, (Poarum instar) longe lanata. 



"Species polymorpha^praecedenti {G. marit.) affinis etforsan non nisi ejusdem 

 varietas, tamen modo crescendi, statura elatiore et pluribus characteribus 

 videtur distinguenda. Nomen G. arcticae Hook, adhibui, cum descriptio (I.e. p. 

 248) satis bene nostrae plantae respondeat; observari tamen debet figuram (Bor. 

 Am. tab. 229) evidenter ad specimen macrum et nondum plene evolutum factam 

 esse. Suppositionem (in textu ad Fl. Dan. tab. 2582), plantam groenlandicam 

 eandem esse cum G. maritima v. palustri Fr. adhuc bene fundatam essecenseo." 



Greenland. 



Elymus mollis Trin. 



This species is frequently confounded with the arctic E. arenarius L.var. 

 villosus R. Mey. By Grisebach (Fl. Ross. I.e.) E. mollis is described as follows: 

 "Culmo apice velutino, foliis demum convolutis, spica elongata, spiculis geminis 

 V. ternis 5-plurifloris rhacheos internodium superantibus, glumis late lanceolatis 

 acuminatis 5-7-nervibus margine membranaceis floribusque dense villosis, his 

 exsertis, nervis tenuibus dorso prominulis." The variety villosus oi E. arenarius 

 is described by Lange (I.e.): "Humilior quam forma in Europa vulgaris, sed 

 spica robustior, glumis dense villosis; ceterum vix a type differt." 



CYPERACEAE. 



Carex [Ruppius] L. 



The genus is poorly represented on the arctic coast explored by the 

 expedition and C. incurva is the only Vignea collected. With regard to the habit 

 the stoloniferous species are more frequent than the caespitose, and they all 

 are "phyllopodae." This character "phyllopoda" implies a biologic peculiarity 

 which is possessed especially by northern types; it consists in the shoot being 

 dicyclic, i.e. vegetative in the first, floral in the second season, with the rami- 

 fication of the shoot sympodial. Moreover, in this type the very young inflores- 

 cense is protected by being surrounded and covered by a number of leaf -sheaths. 

 The inflorescence thus terminates the shoot and when the fruits have matured, 

 the main shoot dies off completely while a lateral bud developed in the axil of 

 one of the basal leaves continues the growth of the rhizome and repeats the 

 succession of a vegetative and floral stage. Otherwise with the "aphyllopodae." 

 In these, principally southern species, the shoot is most often pliocyclic with 

 reference to the vegetative stage but monocyclic as far as concerns the floral. 

 For in the aphyllopodae the ramification of the shoot is most frequently mono- 

 podial; however, there are some species which, although being aphyllopodae, 

 show a sympodial ramification and in which the very condensed rhizome,mostly 

 more or less caespitose, develops a number of puiely floral and purely vegetative 



