Arctic Plants: Morphology and Synonymy 29 B 



roots, long, thin, and sparingly branched, develop close to the nodi, a little 

 below these. With regard to the leaves of the rhizome, some scale-like leaves 

 are developed but most of the leaves, however, are aerial, green, assinlilating 

 with the blade which is ample, deeply 5-cleft, and incised; the flower-bearing 

 stem bears one pair of merely 3-lobed or 3-cleft, incised leaves which are sessile. 



Figure H. 

 Basal leaf of Anemone Richardsonii Hook., from West Greenland; two-thirds of the natural size. 



There seems to be no regularity with reference to the position of the scale- 

 like leaves; they may occur on any part of the rhizome, preceding or succeeding 

 the green leaves. And when the rhizome ramifies the secondary branch may 

 develop from the axil of a scale-like leaf or from the axil of a green one. 



while most often a green leaf is to be observed at the base of the flowering 

 stem and subtending the bud -which is to develop and continue the horizontally 

 creeping rhizome, this green leaf may be replaced by a scale-like one. Other- 

 wise the most frequent case is that the last leaf of the primary rhizome is aerial 

 and green, and that it subtends the secondary branch which is to continue the 

 growth of the rhizome in the same manner and in the same direction as if the 

 entire rhizome were a monopodium. For instance, in a spegimen from St. Paul 

 island, Bering sea, which my late friend Mr. James M. Macoun collected for 

 me, the rhizome measures seventy-two cm. in length, as apparently one single 

 axis with no other sign of its sympodial structure but some few, minute scars 

 from the withered flowering stems; on this very long rhizome only one green 

 leaf and a flower-bearing stem were developed at the apex, and a young stolon 

 proceeded from the axil of the green leaf. 



In comparing the plant as it occurs in Greenland, on the. Arctic coast of 

 this continent, and on the coast of Alaska and adjacent islands, no particular 

 structure of the rhizome, with reference to the foliage or flower-bearing stem, 

 seems to be characteristic. 



Some more or less interesting structures may be mentioned as follows: 

 A specimen from Beaver inlet, Unalaska, showed the main rhizome destitute 

 of green leaves, and at the base of the flower-bearing stem a scale-like leaf 

 subtended the stolon; but from the posterior part of the rhizome, from the axil 

 of a scale-like leaf, a similar stolon had developed, bearing a typical, green 

 leaf; in another specimen from the same locality the main rhizome bore two green 

 leaves and a floral shoot; these two leaves were separated from each other by 

 an internode about 5 cm. in length; in this same specimen the young stolon at 

 apex bore two scale-like leaves preceding a very young, not quite developed 

 green leaf. In a specimen from Cook inlet, Yukon river, the rhizome measured 

 about 20 cm. in length and bore three green leaves and a flower-bearing stem. 

 A much shorter rhizome from Kodiak, Alaska, measuring only 7 cm., bore two 

 green leaves and a floral stem; beside that the apical stolon bore a fully developed 



