30 B Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 



green leaf, preceding a scale-like one and a very young green one. Finally, in 

 some specimens which I collected in Greenland, near Holstensborg, the apical 

 stolon had developed into a floral shoot; thus two flowering stems were developed 

 contemporaneously. 



A. Drumtnondii Wats. 



Only some few specimens with the leaves withered were collected as late as 

 November but the structure of these leaves agrees very well with that of this 

 species, and much more so than with A. multifida Poir. Anemone Drummondii 

 was also collected on the Gjoa expedition (I.e.), and the photographic repro- 

 duction of a flowering specimen leaves no doubt as to the correctness of the 

 identification. 



As far as habit is concerned, A. Drummondii is densely caespitose with a 

 very deep, woody, primary root which branches freely towards apex. Several 

 erect or ascending shoots arise from the crown of the root, measuring in height 

 about 4 cm. ; when reaching the surface these shoots develop rosettes of leaves 

 and terminal flowering stems. 



Ranunculus Pallasii Schl. 



Of this stately plant several flowering specimens were collected in a pond 

 on the tundra at Konganevik, Camden bay; they measured in length about 20 

 cm. We meet here with the same structure of shoot as in Anemone Richardsonii 

 but scale-like leaves are absent. As long as the shoot is purely vegetative, 

 the ramification is monopodial, but when the flower appears, and this terminates 

 the axis, the shoot becomes a sympodium. Branches of R. Pallasii thus show 

 a few stretched fistulous internodes, about 10 cm. in length, and some leaves 

 with long petioles, subtending shoots, while opposite the leaf a tall peduncle 

 (about 10 cm.) arises bearing a single flower; in the specimens from Konganevik 

 some of the lateral shoots- had already developed a green leaf and a terminal 

 flower-bud. With respect to the foliage, it may be stated that the earliest 

 developed leaves have very small blades which are oblong or linear and borne 

 upon long, fistulous petioles. In mature specimens the leaf-blades are larger, 

 entire or 3-lobed, the middle-lobe being longer than the lateral ones; however, 

 in specimens from Hudson bay (Lat. 60° 42') the leaf-blade is 3-cleft, with the 

 lateral lobes relatively long and narrow. The root-system consists of many very 

 long, slender, secondary roots proceeding from the nodi. 



A hybrid, R. lapponicus X Pallasii, has been described arid figured by 

 Andersson and Hesselman in a paper dealing with the flora of Spitzbergen and 

 Beeren Eiland,' previously described by A. G. Nathorst as a variety "spets- 

 bergensis" of R. Pallasii. In this hybrid the leaf -blade is always three-cleft, 

 the lobes entire or with the margin dentate or even lobate; the flower is smaller 

 than in R. Pallasii and of a yellowish-white colour. A large table is given 

 showing a number of points by which the hybrid is distinguished from the parents, 

 and several figures of leaves, petals, stamens and fruits accompany the text. 

 Of special interest is the fact that this hybrid is the first which has been found 

 in Spitzbergen. 



R. Purshii Richards, and R. hyperboreus Rottb. were found in shallow 

 ponds, both with the leaves floating. Of these, the former was collected with 

 ripe fruits on Herschel island, while the specimens from Cape Bathurst were 

 sterile, with no flowers at all, and with the leaf -blades of very diminutive size. 

 All the specimens of R. hyperboreus were sterile with the leaf-blades verj' small. 



iBihangK. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Hdlgr. Vol. 26. Stockholm, 1900. 



