58 B Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 



quite thick. Secondary roots develop here and there; they are fleshy but rather 

 slender, long, and branch very little. Besides that the apex of the subterranean 

 stem develops into a floral shoot, as shown in the figure, some lateral shoots 

 develop also, and these remain vegetative for at least two seasons. By this 

 structure of the stem and root-system P. sudetica is readily distinguished from 

 the three species mentioned above. A third type is shown by P. verticillata, a 

 very conspicuous plant with the several flower-bearing stems measuring about 

 18 cm. in height. In this species the habit, i.e. structure of root-systepa and 

 shoots, agrees with that of Castilleja, described above. Very characteristic is 

 the arrangement of the stem-leaves, forming several whorls and subtending 

 axillary, almost sessile clusters of flowers. 



In P. lapponica and P. capitata the primary root is long, but remains very 

 slender, and persists only for a few years. Long, creeping stolons develop from 

 the axils of the basal stem-leaves, and when separated from the mother plant 

 these stolons give rise to new individuals. When I collected P. lapponica in 

 Greenland, I observed that the flowers are very fragrant, exhaling a perfume 

 similar to that of the Lily of the Valley; otherwise the species oi Pedicularis are 

 not at all fragrant. In some of the European species the ramification of the 

 shoot has been described as being monopodial; owing to the present material 

 being dried, and all being specimens in full bloom, I was unable to study this 

 particular point in the stem-structure. 



SELAGINACEAE. 



Lagotis glauca Gaertn. 



This has a long (about 10 cm.), creeping, fleshy rhizome, bearing many 

 long, slender, sparingly ramified, secondary roots. A flower-bearing stem 

 develops at the apex of the rhizome, surrounded by a few (mostly only two) 

 green leaves, but by many withered leaf-sheaths from the preceding years. The 

 plant shows to some extent the same habit as Chionophila and, judging from the 

 well preserved, dried specimens, the floral stem appears to be lateral; in other 

 words, the shoot represents a monopodium as in Chionophila. 



According to Hooker (Fl. bor. Am.) the variety Stelleri is the plant collected 

 on the expedition, but Hooker considered this a species, not a variety; and he 

 calls the genus Gymnandra. The specific diagnosis reads as follows : 



"G. Gmelini (Cham, et Schl.) ; . f oliis radicalibus subrotundo-aut elongato- 

 ovatis basi parum attenuatis obtusiusculis grosse inaequaliter crenatis, stamini- 

 bus labio superiore duplo brevioribus, stylo illo breviore. G. ovata Willd. 

 G. reniformis Willd. G. borealis var. Pallas. Lagotis glauca Gaertn. Bartsia 

 gymnandra Willd. Hab. Unalaschka Cham." 



"G. Stelleri (Cham, et Schl.); f oliis radicalibus oblongis utrinque infra vero 

 magis attenuatis acutis inaequaliter obtuse serratis, staminibus fere longitudine 

 labii superioris, stylo illo longiore. G. minor, G. dentata, G. gracilis Willd. G. 

 borealis Pall. Hab. Bay of St. Lawrence. Chamisso." 



PLANTAGINACEAE. 

 Plantago lanceolata L. var. 



Characteristic of this arctic variety is the small size of the leaves and floral 

 scapes; the latter measure generally only 5 cm. But it agrees with the typical 

 plant so far as concerns the structure of the shoot being monopodial, and by the 

 development of the primary root as a deep, thick tap-root, measuring in some 

 specimens about 10 cm., and bearing several, but thin lateral roots. 



