Arctic Plants: Geographical Distribution 83 b 



that region.: "Ad lacum Falkadja Lat. 73° 30' prope flumen Taimyr rarissime 

 (Middendorff et Ruprecht)." Besides this fern, Lycopodium Selago, L. complan- 

 atum, and Equisetum arvense are the only Pteridophyta recorded from arctic 

 Siberia, and by adding their occurrence in Siberia to the other stations given in 

 the table (Table 2) it will be seen that Lycopodium Selago and Equisetum arvense 

 are circumpolar, in fact the only circumpolar Pteridophyta known so far. Lyco- 

 podium, complanatum, on the other hand, is not circumpolar, since it is absent 

 from arctic America. 



With regard to the occurrence of the Reridophyta in the arctic region, I 

 wish to offer some few statements relative to Greenland. Between Lat. 62° and 

 72°, Frederikshaab-Upernivik on the west coast, ferns are not uncommon; 

 they are especially well represented in crevices of rocks near mountain brooks, 

 for instance, Polystichum Lonchitis, Phegopteris polypodioides, P. Dryopteris, 

 and Dryopteris spinulosa; on dry rocks we meet with the species of Woodsia, 

 Dryopteris fragrans, and Cystopteris. The very rare Asplenium viride I found 

 growing in deep shade, in a grotto, associated with luxuriant specimens of 

 Dryopteris. 



The Equisetaceae, notably i/. scirpoides, are quite common, and among the 

 Lycopodiaceae, L. alpinum and L- Selago are very frequently met with, and 

 sometimes quite abundant. The latitude reached by some of these species in 

 Greenland is quite remarkable; the following quotations may be of interest: 



Cystopteris fragilis 76° 



Woodsia hyperborea 73° 21' 



Dryopteris fragrans 72° 53' (73° 30' in Siberia) 



Woodsia ilvensis 72° 48' 



Equisetum arvense 72° 



Woodsia glabella 71° 67' 



Lycopodium Selago and Equisetum variegatum 71° 



Equisetum scirpoides, E. silvaticum, and Lycopodium alpinum 70° 



Botrychium Lunaria 69° 20' 



Phegopteris Dryopteris and Polystichum Lonchitis 69° 15' 



Phegopteris polypodioides and Dryopteris spinulosa 65° 40' 



Selaginella selaginoides 64° 15' 



This northern distribution may be extended farther if we compare the 

 , stations, known from Spitzbergen, as recorded 'by Nathorst (I.e.), Gunnar 

 Andersson and Hesselman (I.e.) ; according to these authors the following latitudes 

 may be quoted : 



Lycopodium Selago and Equisetum variegatum 80° 



Cystopteris fragilis 79° 15' 



Woodsia glabella 78° 40' 



Equisetum arvense 78° 30' 



E. scirpoides 77° 30' 



With regard to the distribution farther south, we see from the table (Table 

 2), that with the exception of Lycopodium alpinum and Isoetes all the other 

 Pteridophyta have been found on this continent, south of the arctic circle, and 

 notably in the mountains. 



Cryptogramma, Botrychium lanceolatum, Asplenium viride, Isoetes, and 

 Dryopteris fragrans, having been recorded from very few and scattered stations, 

 may be treated separately. 



With regard to Cryptogramma acrostichoides, the distribution of this species 

 extends from lake Huron westward to British Columbia, stretching northward 

 to within the arctic circle (Macoun I.e.), and according to Gray (I.e.), it is known 

 also from Colorado and California. Another species, C. Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl 

 (Allosurus Stelleri Rupr.), occurs also on this continent from Labrador to British 

 Columbia, south to Illinois and northern Pennsylvania; it occurs 



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