332 



FRUITS AND SEEDS 



are produced by many members of the rose family (Rosa- 

 cea). Apples and pears are examples of pomes, while 

 peaches, cherries, and plums, which also belong to the rose 



family, are examples of 

 stone fruits (drupes). In 

 stone fruits the ovary wall 

 ripens into two layers, 

 the outer layer forming 

 the pulp and the inner 

 one the hard coat which 

 surrounds the seed. In 

 pomes, as in the apple, it 



Fig. 146. — Samaras. A, of the mountain is the CUp-like receptacle 



maple. B, of the hop tree. .j^ijij,^^ surrouuds the ovary 



that develops into the edible part of the fruit ; the ovary 

 itself develops into the core.' 



A berry is a many-seeded fruit in which the whole ovary 

 has become a pulpy mass in which the seeds are embedded. 

 In this scientific sense of the word, some fruits called 

 berries are not berries, while some fruits are berries which 

 are not so called. Thus, in the botanical sense, grapes, 

 currants, gooseberries, and tomatoes, and even oranges 

 and lemons, melons and pumpkins, are to be considered 

 forms of berries. Strawberries and blackberries, on the 

 other hand, are not true berries. The small brown " seeds " 

 on the surface of a strawberry are akenes, while the pulpy 

 mass which bears them is the enlarged receptacle of the 

 flower. Each lobe of a blackberry or raspberry is really a 

 stone fruit, or drupe ; it is a mass of pulp surrounding a 

 single seed. In the raspberry the part which we eat sHps 

 off of the enlarged receptacle, while in the blackberry 

 we eat receptacle and all. 



