THE AMEEICAN LADY-CEAB 67 



last joint of tlie fifth legs lanceolate. The British species 

 which Bell names Fortiminus vm-iegatus, Leach, he ought 

 in accordance with the rules of priority to have called 

 Fortumnus latipes (Pennant). In distinguishing Por- 

 tnmnus from the closely allied Flatyonichus, Latreille, 

 1818, Bell or his printer has made a confusing mistake 

 by attributing to Flatyonichus the acutely lanceolate ter- 

 minal joint in the fifth pair of legs, and the broad oval, 

 very much rounded joint to Fortumnus, instead of putting 

 the contrast the other way round (see Plate II.). He men- 

 tions that in Fortumnus, as in many other PortunidtB, the 

 pleon of the male is five-jointed, whereas in Flatyonichus 

 it is seven-jointed. Unfortunately this distinction, which 

 would have been so convenient, only applies to two out of 

 the three species which are now allotted to the latter genus, 

 namely to Flatyonichus hvpustulatvs, Milne-Edwards, and 

 to Flatyonichus itidescens, Miers, a species in which the legs 

 are said to be beautifully iridescent. 



Flatyonichus ocellatus was first described in 1799 by 

 Herbst, who records its habitat in the words, ' Das Vater- 

 land ist Long-Eiland bey Newyorck.' Both New 

 York and the ' Lady Crab ' of America hare come to be 

 better known than they were in the time of Herbst. 

 Verrill and Smith, in their valuable report on the inverte- 

 brate animals of Vineyard Sound, give a figure of the crab 

 and many interesting particulars. It is, they say, perfectly 

 at home among the loose sands at low-water mark, and 

 also abundant on sandy bottoms off shore. It is a rapid 

 swimmer, and was not unfrequently taken on the surface 

 of the sea. ' When living at low-water mark on the 

 sand beaches it generally buries itself up to its eyes and 

 antennae in the sand, watching for prey or on the look-out 

 for enemies. If disturbed, it quickly glides backward and 

 downward into the sand, and disappears instantly. This 

 power of quickly burrowing deeply into the sand it pos- 

 sesses in common with all the other marine animals of 

 every class which inhabit the exposed beaches of loose 

 sand, for upon this habit their very existence depends 

 during stcrms. By burying themselves sufficiently deep 



