MONTAGU'S CALLIAKASSA 183 



Family 2. — Callianassidce. 



The carapace is laterally compressed, with rostrum 

 minute or absent. The eyes and antennae are as in the 

 preceding family. The first pair of trunk-limbs are un- 

 equal, perfectly or imperfectly chelate, the third and fourth 

 pairs simple, the others variable. The uropods and telson 

 are usually broad, without sutures. The branchiae are 

 filamentous, with the filaments sometimes compressed. 



Six or seven genera are assigned to this family, of 

 which two are British. 



Gallianassa, Leach, 1814, was instituted to receive a 

 species which Colonel Montagu described in 1805 (and 

 published in 1808) under the name Cancer Astacus sub- 

 terraneus. He found it at the depth of nearly two feet 

 beneath bhe surface, while digging into a sandbank in the 

 estuary of Kingsbridge or Salcombe in South Devon. 

 Though it was by no means plentiful, he ascertained that 

 the larger arm was not constant to one side, and that the 

 extreme disproportion sometimes exhibited by it was not 

 invariable. The crustaceous covering of the body he 

 describes as ' very thin and not far remote from mem- 

 branaceous.' The exceedingly narrow attachment between 

 the first four joints of the larger cheliped and the follow- 

 ing three which form its monstrous termination give to 

 this species a very peculiar appearance. The second pair 

 of feet are minutely chelate. The second pair of pleopods 

 are slender and filamentous, while the following three pairs 

 are broad and foliaceous. A. Milne-Edwards in 1870 dis- 

 tinguishes seventeen recent species. Czemiavsky in 1884 

 points out that the Mediterranean Gallianassa laticavda, 

 Otto, should be added to the list. 



Gallianassa Stimpsoni, Smith, is a species found on 

 the east coast of the United States. Thi.= and other deep- 

 burrowing crustaceans are more often obtained from the 

 stomachs of fishes than by intentional methods of capture. 



Gheramus, Spence Bate, 1888, was instituted chiefly 



