Fig. 23. Porter bee escape (Root). 
To avoid this damage a Porter bee escape (Fig. 23 is used. This 
permits passage of the bees in one direction only. This is placed 
Fig, 24. Escape board (Root). 
in the escape board (Fig. 24), and the board is placed between the 
super to be removed and the brood chamber. Usually within half 
a day the bees will have left the super, and it can be removed with- 
out damage to the honey or annoyance from the bees. 
Fig. 25. Queen excluder (Root). 
. Queen Excluder 
The queen excluder (Fig. 25) is a device made either of per- 
36 
