the smallest possible expenditure of energy. Doctor Phillips has 
likened a bee to a miniature dry battery which cannot be re- 
charged when the energy has been exhausted. Therefore, to insure 
the most energetic colony of bees in spring they should be thor- 
oughly insulated from the winter’s cold by an outer case around 
the hive large enough to provide space for insulating material between 
it and the hive; that there shall be an ample windbreak and that 
the bees shall be left undisturbed. This combination of young bees, 
good stoves, insulation and protection from winds is necessary for 
best results. If any one of these factors is absent the results will 
be proportionately less satisfactory. 
While the minimum of activity on the part of the bees is desired 
through the winter, when spring with its brood-rearing activity ar- 
rives it is desirable that this activity be at its maximum in order 
that the colony may attain maximum strength as early as possible. 
When the steps as suggested have been taken, there is nothing the 
beekeeper can do to facilitate matters since the colony has all the 
essentials for rapid breeding—a vigorous queen, an abundant supply 
of stores and ample protection against temperature changes. Instead 
of using a large part of their energy in maintaining the brood-rearing 
temperature (96°F) they can use all their energy in producing more 
bees. 
When the maximum strength of colony is reached just as the 
surplus honey flow begins without the swarming impulse having 
been started, the maximum crop of surplus honey will be secured. 
In just the proportion that the beekeeper fails to have his bees reach 
this condition, will he fail to secure the maximum yield. If, on the 
other hand, maximum strength is reached previous to the beginning 
of the honey flow, care must be used to prevent the colony dividing 
its energies by swarming, or, balked in this, get sulky and loaf. 
ADDING THE SECOND STORY 
If the bees have not been wintered in two stories, a second one 
may be added during the building-up process in spring. It is now 
believed that a desirable queen is one which will need more room 
for eggs than is provided by the ten-frame hive, allowing the neces- 
sary room for stores. When in the spring a colony has six frames 
or their equivalent full of brood before the honey flow arrives, 
it is advisable to add a second brood chamber. If ready-built combs 
are on hand they are desirable at this time; otherwise, full sheets 
of foundation should be used. This second chamber is put above 
the occupied one, and one or two frames of unsealed brood from 
the lower chamber placed in it in exchange for the frames of empty 
comb or foundation as the case may be. The two frames of brood 
44. 
