infection, causing the bees to make a new start. The usual process 
is to shake or brush (brushing preferred) all the bees from the 
infected hive into a clean hive equipped with full sheets of founda- 
tion, melt up or burn the old combs and disinfect by scorching 
the hive and frames before again putting them into use. Because 
the scales contain millions of the spores of this disease, the combs 
must be destroyed. This treatment gives best results when done 
just at the beginning of a honey flow. The bees do not always 
take kindly to this radical change in their household arrangements 
and may abscond. To prevent this a queen excluder may be placed 
between the hive body and the bottom board, a queen and drone 
trap may be fixed at the hive entrance or a piece of queen-excluding 
zinc may be placed before the entrance to retain the queen. 
If there is much healthy brood in the treated combs they may 
be stacked several stories high over a weak colony and after ten 
days, when the worth-while brood will have emerged, this colony 
treated and the combs disposed of by boiling and the wax recovered. 
The heat necessary to melt combs renders the wax safe for use. 
Chantry Method—A modification of this treatment known as the 
“Chantry” method appears to have considerable to recommend it 
because the bees are not so greatly demoralized and the queen re- 
tainer is not needed. 
This consists first of reducing the colony to one story two days 
before the treatment if it occupies more than one story; second, 
the bees are brushed into the prepared hive as before, except that 
it has in the center one empty dry comb, one which the beekeeper 
plans to discard, leaving this comb for forty-eight hours only. Then 
it is quickly removed, the bees brushed off and the comb destroyed. 
The gradual reduction in the size of the hive seems to cause less 
discontent. The empty comb serves as a place for the deposition of 
eggs, keeping the queen better satisfied, and in this old comb the bees, 
when the excitement from brushing has subsided, place the honey 
which they took up in their honey sacs and which may contain 
germs of disease. When this comb is quickly removed there is small 
chance for the bees to recover any of the infected honey. When 
American foulbrood is found in a colony it should be treated before 
it is allowed to become a producer of surplus honey. 
With so much honey on the market in which there may be germs 
of this disease, it is not a source of great surprise when it shows 
itself in new areas, particularly around the larger towns and cities. 
The beekeeper may have no surety against infection in this manner, 
but he is morally if not legally guilty if he does not employ every 
known measure to rid his bees of infection and prevent its spread 
as much as lies in his power. 
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