434 LXIX. RUBIACEE, [Adina 
difference in the character of the foliage, etc.; this condition 
occurs very commonly in the genus Fadogia. It is extraordinary 
that the number of stamens and divisions of the parts of the 
flowers is sometimes 4, sometimes 5 or 6; and this state of things 
is conspicuous also in Loganiacez even to a greater extent, while 
the contiguous families of Apocynacee and Asclepiadacee are 
strictly pentamerous throughout, and Gentianacee but seldom 
have flowers varying from the tetramerous to the pentamerous 
condition. 
The arborescent and shrubby members of the family, that is, 
nearly all with the exception of the tribes Oldenlandiee and 
Spermacocee, greatly diminish in number of species in western 
tropical Africa from the 12th or 13th degree of south latitude 
southwards; they occur more abundantly nearer the equator; 
but on the eastern side of the continent numerous species of 
Tricalysia, Gardenia, and several small genera such as Alberta 
extend to Natal and the Cape. Tropical Africa abounds with 
Gardeniez, which are adorned with magnificent flowers, and 
often with splendid foliage which, in freshness, gloss, and elegant 
arrangement, surpasses that of most of the remaining Rubiacee. 
Welwitsch advised the introduction and cultivation of Cinchona 
into the island of St. Thomas and of Ipecacuanha into Golungo 
Alto. See Welwitsch, Apont. p. 549, n. 87, and p. 579, note 12; 
Synopse Explic. p. 10, n. 20. 
Aromatic flowers occur frequently, especially in the white- 
flowering trees and shrubs. The largest spines occur in Cuviera 
angolensis Welw. Useful wood is supplied by several species of 
Gardeniez, equal to box-wood or still better ; Adina microcephala 
also affords excellent wood for cabinet-makers’ work, and Coffea 
for furniture. 
In his diary, 14 Feb., 1857, Welwitsch notes as collected in 
Pungo Andongo, during an excursion to Quilanga, an annual 
creeping and ascending Rubiacea, with the habit of Sawifraga 
§ Robertsonia ; I have not identified any such specimen. 
: oo Salisb.; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. p. 30 (April 
873). 
1. A. microcephala Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii, p. 40; 
Haviland in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxxiii. p. 42 (1897). 
Nauclea microcephala Delile in Caill. Pl. Afr. p. 67 (1826), non 
Wall. A. lasiantha K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrik., C., 
p. 378 (1895). Adina (sp. n.), Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 193 (1884). 
Bumso.—A handsome lofty evergreen tree, renowned for its 
excellent hard wood; trunk 3 to 8 or even more than 12 ft. (?) in 
diameter. In primitive forests by streams near Bumbo; fl. and fr. 
17 and 18 Oct. 1859. Colonial name “ P4o d’oleo,” or “ Pau de oleo.” 
No 3029. 
Var. Galpini. 
A. Galpini Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2386 (1895). A. miero- 
cephala, var. 8, Haviland, l.c., p. 48. Leaves verticillate, ternate, 
