XXIV FROM NORTH POLE TO EQUATOR. 



Thus to cite only three examples, we have Semper's zoological 

 work on the Philippines, the researches of the Sarasins in Ceylon, 

 and the first results of Semon's recent visit to Australasia, all of 

 them passing far beyond records of zoological exploration into 

 monographs on the structure and development of characteristic 

 members of the fauna of these countries. And it is no exaggera- 

 tion to say that private enterprise, Eoyal Society subsidies, British 

 Association grants, and the like have sent scores of naturalists from 

 Britain half round the world in order to solve special problems, as 

 to the larva of a worm, for instance, or as to the bird-fauna of some 

 little island. 



y. The Biological Type. In some ways the most important 

 scientific journey ever made was Darwin's voyage on the Beagle. 

 It was the Columbus-voyage of zoology. There is a great deal to 

 be said for the Wanderjahre of the old students, for to have time 

 to think is one of the conditions of intellectual progress. Not 

 that the Beagle voyage was one of idleness, but it gave Darwin, at 

 the age of twenty-two, a wealth of impressions and some measure 

 of enforced leisure wherein to gloat intellectually over what he 

 saw. He has said, indeed, that various sets of facts observed on 

 his voyage, such as the aspect of the Galapagos Islands, started him 

 on paths of pondering which eventually led to his theory of the 

 origin of species. 



We take Darwin as the type of the biological, or, we may almost 

 say, evolutionist travellers; but he must share this position with 

 his magnanimous colleague, Alfred Eussel Wallace, whose journey- 

 ings were more prolonged and not less fruitful. Before Darwin 

 the naturalist-travellers had been, for the most part, describers, 

 systematists, and analysts, and it goes without saying that such 

 work is indispensable, and must continue; but in the light of the 

 conception of evolution all things had become new; the present 

 world of life was henceforth seen as a stage in a process, as a passing 

 act in a drama, not merely as a phantasmagoria to be admired and 

 pictured, but as a growth to be tmderstood. 



It is within this group of biological travellers, which includes 

 such men as Bates and Belt, that we must also place Brehm. For 



