580 FROM NORTH POLE TO EQUATOR. 



certain seasons of the year; but many of the accounts of these move- 

 ments are entirely misleading, because grossly exaggerated. In one 

 portion of the northern country I know that there was a decided east- 

 and-west seasonal migration, the herds tending in spring away from the 

 mountains, while in the autumn they worked back again, seeking shelter 

 in the rough, broken country of the foot-hiUs from the cold west winds of 

 the winter." — American Big-Oame Hunting (Boone and Crockett Club), 

 edited by Theodore Eoosevelt and George Bird Grinnell, Edin., 1893. 



Note 59, p. 250. — Migrations of Seals. 



Much interesting information as to the migrations and habits of seals 

 will be found in J. A. Allen's History of North American Pinnipedia. The 

 eared fur-seals {Otaria) and others travel periodically to the breeding-places 

 or "rookeries", where they spend a considerable time, but it should be 

 noted that our common seal (Phoca vitulina) does not make seasonal 

 migrations. 



Note 60, p. 256. — Instinct of the Lemming. 



A discussion of the strange instinct of the lemming, remarkable in its 

 apparent fatality, will be found in Romanes's Mental Evolution in Animals. 



Note 61, p. 258. — Numbers of Springbok. 



" I beheld the plains and even the hillsides which stretched on every 

 side of me thickly covered, not with herds, but with one vast mass of 

 springboks; as far as the eye could strain the landscape was alive with 

 them, until they softened down into a dim red mass of living creatures. 

 To endeavour to form any idea of the number of antelopes which I had 

 that day beheld were vain, but I have no hesitation in saying that 

 some hundreds of thousands were within the compass of my vision." — 

 Gordon Gumming. With this should be compared what other sports- 

 men and travellers have in recent years told us of rapidly diminishing 

 numbers. 



Note 62, p. 260. — The MonJcey Question. 



The position of evolutionists in regard to the relations of man and 

 monkeys is conveniently stated in Huxley's Man's Place in Nature. A 

 criticism of the thorough-going evolutionist position, from the philosopher's 

 point of view, will be found in Professor Calderwood's Evolution and 

 Man's Place in Nature. A midway position is indicated in Wallace's 

 Darwinism. 



While most naturalists are now thoroughly evolutionist in regard to the 

 descent or ascent of man, as in regard to other problems, most would pro- 

 bably agree with Lloyd Morgan's cautious conclusion : — 



" In denying to animals the perception of relations and the faculty of 

 reason, I do so in no dogmatic spirit, and not in support of any precon- 

 ceived theory or opinion, but because the evidence now before us is not, 

 in my opinion, sufficient to justify the hypothesis that any animals have 



