582 FROM NORTH POLE TO EQUATOR. 



Note 67, p. 286. — Monkeys on the Back of Oibraltar. 



A letter written in 1880 by an officer in Gibraltar to the Field news- 

 paper and quoted in vol. i. of the Royal Natural History gives the 

 number living on the Eock at that time as twenty-five, among whom 

 were only two adult males. There had been several gangs of them at one 

 time, but they had done so much damage in the town gardens that they 

 had been nearly exterminated by means of traps and poison. But in 

 1856, when their numbers had been reduced to four or five, a garrison 

 order was issued forbidding further destruction of them, and since that 

 time they have been strictly preserved and regularly counted. In 1863, 

 four were imported from Africa, and after a time were admitted as 

 members of the band. Another attempt was made in 1872 to reinforce 

 their numbers, but it was unsuccessful 



Note 68, p. 290. — Habits of Monkeys. 



See Mr. Garner's observations on monkeys {Speech of Monkeys, 1893); 

 Hartmann's Apes and Monkeys (Inteniat. Science Series), Eomanes's 

 Animal Intelligence and Mental Evolution in Animals. H. A. Forbes, 

 A Handbook to the Primates (Allen's Naturalist's Library; Lond. 1894). 

 Mr. Havelock Ellis in his Man and Woman (Lond. 1894) has some inter- 

 esting notes on the relation of young monkeys and young children to the 

 adult forms. 



Note 69, p. 291.— Death from Grief. 



Instances of death from grief are given in Eomanes's Animal Intelligence. 

 See also a paper by Mr. Garner in Harper's Monthly, 1894. 



Note 70, p. 298. — Speech of Monkeys. 



See Mr. Garner's Speech of Monkeys (Lond. 1893), which tends to 

 support Brehm's view. But in reference to Garner's work, Lloyd Morgan 

 says, " Of the nine sounds made by capuchins, not one is, so far as the 

 observations go, indubitably indicative of a particular object of desire. 

 All of them may be, and would seem to be, in the emotional stage, and 

 expressive of satisfaction, discontent, alarm, apprehension, and so forth. 

 Still they may be indicative of particular objects of appetence or aversion; 

 and experiments with the phonograph, conducted with due care and 

 under test-conditions, may do much to throw light upon an interesting 

 and important problem." After careful consideration. Prof. Lloyd Mor- 

 gan says, "At present, however, there is not, so far as I am aware, any 

 evidence that animals possess powers of descriptive intercommunication 

 involving perception of relations ". 



Note 71, p. 298. — Right and Wro7ig in Monkeys. 



What is said here should be compared with the discussion of the 

 subject in Darwin's Descent o/Ji/are, Romanes's MentalEvolution in Animals, 

 or perhaps most conveniently in Lloyd Morgan's IntrodiKtion to Compar- 



