XXIV. 



KEY TO THE ORDERS. 



I. Feet with webs or lobes. 



A. Feet with webs. 



1. Webs extending to the base of the toe-nails. 



a. Legs far back near the tail; tail short or wanting. i6, 



b. Legs near the middle of the body; tail well developed, 

 (i). Hind toe connected to the front one by a web. 14, 

 (2). Hind toe, when present, free and opposed to 



the front ones, 

 (a). Nostrils opening through tubes, 

 (b). Nostrils not opening through tubes. 



(al). Bill with tooth-like proiections along its 



sides. 



(a2). End half of bill bent abruptly down; 



legs and neck very long and slender. 



{Not found in Ohio.) 



(b^). Only tip oi bill bent down; legs not very 



long. 13 



(bl). Bill without tooth-like projections; wing= 



long. 13 



2. W' bs not extending to the base of the toe-nails. 11 



B. Feet with lobes on the sides of the toes. 



1. Legs far back; tail wanting. {Grebes). 16 



2. Legs near the middle of the ^body ; tail well developed. 



a. Forehead with a bare shield. {Coot, white) {Galli- 



nule, red). 9 



b. Forehead without a bare shield : bill long and slender. 1 1 



n. Feet with neither webs nor lobes. 



PYGOPODES. 

 STEGANOPODES. 



15. TUBINARES. 



ODONTOGLOSS^. 



ANSERES. 



LONGIPENNES. 

 LIMICOL.^. 



PYGOPODES. 



PALUDICOL^. 

 LIMICOL^. 



10. HERODIONES. 



Legs and neck long and slender. 

 Lores bare. 

 Lores not bare. 



a. Toes four. {Cranes.) 9 



b. Toes three. {Plovers, etc.) ii 

 Legs and neck not decidedly long and slender. 



Feet very large, toes long and slender ; wings moderate. 9 

 Feet and toes moderate. 



a. Lower part of tibia bare. 11 



b. Lower part of tibia feathered, 

 (i). Hind toe short, elevated above the front ones. 8, 

 (2). Hind toe, when present, on the same level as the 



front toes. 



(a). Nostrils opening beneath a soft, fleshy mem- 

 brane. 7. COLUMB^. 

 (b). Bill without a soft, fleshy membrane. 



PALUDICOL./E. 

 LIMICOL^. 



PALUDICOL^. 



LIMICOL^. 



GALLING. 



(al). Bill with a tough cere at its base. 

 (a2). 3 toes in front, one behind. 

 (b2) 2 toes in front, 2 behind, 

 (bl). Bill without a cere. 



(a2). 2 toes in front and 2 behind, or 2 in front 

 and I behind. 

 (aS) Tail feathers stiff and pointed. 

 (b3). Tail feathers not stiff, 

 (b2). 3 toes in front, one behind. 



(a3). Middle and outer toes joined for half 



their length. 

 (b3). Middle and outer toes not joined, 

 (a*). Feet and bill very small and weak, 



mouth large, 

 (b*). Bill long and very slender. {Hum- 

 mingbirds). 

 (c4). Characters various, but not combined 

 as above. 



RAPTORES. 

 PSITTACL 



PICL 

 COCCYGES. 



4. COCCYGES. 



2. MACROCHTRES. 

 2. MACROCHIRE'S. 

 I. PASSERES. 



