a. Outer tail feathers white. 



b. Outer tail feathers not white, 

 (l). Wing over 4.00. 

 (2). Wing under 4.00. 



'a). Tail plain bright reddish-brown, 

 b). Tail gravis'h-brown. 



(ai). Hind claw straightened and lengthened. 



(bl). Hind claw normal. 



25. 



45. 



Vesper Sparrow. 

 Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 



42. Fox Sparrow. 



24. Lapland Longspur. 

 16. Purple Finch. 



Family 4. Tanagridae. Tanagers. 

 These brilliantly colored birds are strictly woods birds, but the Scarlet Tanager is often found 

 in parks and shade trees. They are fair singers, but their brig'ht colors are the most notable charac- 

 teristic. They eat buds, seeds and insects. The females are yellowish green birds, harmonizing well 

 with the woods-colors and shades. 



I. Plumage largely red. 



A. Wings and tail black. 



B. Wings and tail like the body. 



II. Without red. 



A. Under parts buffy-yellow. 



B. Under parts greenish. 



48. Scarlet Tanager. 



49. Summer Tanager. 



48. Scarlet Tanager. 



49. Summer Tanager. 



Family 5. Mniotiltidae. Wood Warblers. 



One of the reasons why we are so fascinated by this group of little birds may be because it is 

 wholly American ! Certainly one reason is because so few of its members are to be found more 

 than a few weeks, at most, during the entire year, in Ohio. They come and go like fairies, 

 now adding color to the May foliage and making merry in the woods, now as silently and myste- 

 riously stealing away as they came. A few species tarry with us all summer long, but they are so 

 small and so unobtrusive that none but the eager student finds them. 



They are called Wood Warblers because they live mostly in the woods, or more exactly speaking, 

 most of them live in the woods when at home. In their passage northward and southward they 

 may be found wherever there are trees, gleaning among the foliage for th-e insect larvse or eggs, 

 or for the pupa securely rolled in its cocoon amid the autumn foliage. They are great conserva- 

 tors of our forests and orchards. Some glean like ISluthatches or Woodpeckers, some flutter before 

 a leaf or glean from its under surface, some sally forth like true Flycatchers after flying insects. 



It is not possible to give distinctive characters for the whole group in few words. All colors are 

 theirs, all patterns of dress, and many sizes of wing and body. For the most nart their dress pattern 

 is patchy, but some are streaked all over, while some are nearly uniform in color. In song they vary 

 greatly, from the insect lisp to the full-voiced, whistled song. There is a quality, however, which 

 is distinctly warblerine to the initiated. When you have been ushered into the mysteries of the group 

 of Wood Warblers your delights in bird study begin. 



KEY TO THE SPRING MALES. 



I. Throat red, orange or chestnut. 



A. Throat chestnut. 67. Bay-breasted Warbler. 



B. Throat orange or flame-color. 69. Blackburnian Warbler. 



II. Throat black or dark slate-color. 



A, Belly white. 



1. Back deep blue, a white spot in wing. 



2. Back green, cheeks yellow. 



3. Back grayish, a large yellow wing-patch. 



4. Back Mack, whole head black. 



B. Belly yellow. 



1. Throat slate-color. 



a. No white eye-ring, breast with traces of black, 



b. Eye-ring white, breast without black. 



2. Throat black, forehead and cheeks yellow. 



III. Throat yellow, white or whitish, under parts without 

 streaks. 



62. Black-throated Blue Warbler. 



71. Black-throated Green Warbler. 



54. Golden- winged Warbler. 



88. American Redstart. 



82. Mourning Warbler. 

 81. Connecticut Warbler. 

 85. Hooded Warbler. 



A. Large, length over 7.00. 



B. Length less than 6.00. 

 ]. Throat yellow. 



a. Whole head, neck and breast bright yellow. 



b. Forehead and cheeks black, line over eye yellow. 



c. A broad, rounded black patch on cheeks. 



d. Head and back olive-green. 



84. Yellow-breasted Chat. 



51. Prothonotary Warbler. 

 80. Kentucky Warbler. 

 83. Northern Yellow-throat. 

 73. Pine Warbler. 



