XXXVIl. 



I. With conspicuous ear-tufts. 



A. Wing less than 8.00. 



B. Wing more than 8.00. 



1. A large white throat-patch. 



2. No white throat-patch. 



II. With very short or no ear-tufts. 



A. Wing more than 10.00. 



1. Plumage largely white. 



2. Plumage brownish. 



a. Wing more than I'S.oo. 



'b. Wing less than 15.00 but more than 10.00. 



(i). Plumage conspicuously barred. 



(2). Plumage not barred. 



B. Wing less than 10.00. 



1. Wing less than 6.00. 



2. Wing more than 6.00. 



168. Screech Owl. 



169. Great Horned Owl. 



163. American Long=eared Owl. 



170. Snowy Owl. 



166. Great Gray Owl. 



165. Barred Owl. 

 164. Short=eared Owl. 



167. Saw=whet Owl. 



171. American Hawk Owl. 



Family 3. Falconidae. Kites, Hawks, Eagles, Falcons, etc. 



After a most thorough and careful investigation of the food O'f all of our birds of prey by our 

 national Agricultural Department, Dr. A. K. Fisher shows that but four of the 28 species which 

 have been found in Ohio are more injurious than useful, and but three members of this family, the 

 Sharp-shinned and the Cooper Hawks, and the American Goshawk, are more harmful than benefi- 

 cial. Hawks eat the mice and insects which injure grain and fruit. We need to discriminate care- 

 fully before killing in cold blood. One may be wholly justified in killing when his poultry or other 

 property is being destroyed, whether the kind doing the killing belongs to a species that is harmful 

 or not. 



There is no sure mark by which a hawk may be known from all other birds, but their sharp, 

 curved talons and sharply hooked beaks are good indications of what they eat and how they live. 

 In practical study one soon comes to know a member of this group at sight. 



I. Wing over 20 inches long. 



A. Tarsus entirely feathered. 



B. Lower half of tarsus bare. 



185. Golden Eagle. 



186. Bald Eagle.. 



II. Wing under 19 inches long. 



A. Under parts streaked or spotted, without bars. 



1. Outer primary conspicuouslv barred. 



a. Wing under 10.00. 



(i). Back bright reddish-brown, plain or barred. 

 (2). Back fuscous or slaty, 

 (a). Wing under 7.00. 

 (b). Wing over 7.50. 

 (ai). Tail over 7.00, rounded, 

 (bl). Tail under 6.00, square. 



b. Wing over 10.00. 

 (l). Rump white. 

 (2). Rump not white. 



(a). Tail over 10.00. 

 (b). Tail under 8.00. 



2. Outer primary not, or not conspicuously barred. 



a. Wing under 12.00. 



b. Wing over 12.00, under 14.00. 



c. Wing over 15.00. 



B. Under parts streaked or spotted, with bars. 



1. Front of tarsus with distinct rounded scales. 



2. Front of tarsus with distinct square scales. 



a. Bluish-slate color above. 



b. Pattern various, but in general brownish above, 

 (i). Tail rufous, wholly or mostly. 



(2). Tail barred with brown and light gray, 

 (a). Wing more than 12.00. 

 (b). Wing less than 12.00. 



3. Front of tarsus with indistinct scales or smooth. 



a. Upper tail-coverts white. 



b. Upper tail-coverts not white. 

 (1). Wing over 9.00, tail rounded. 

 (2). Wing under 9.00, tail square. 



174. American Sparrow Hawk. 



177. Sharp=shinned Hawk. 



178. Cooper Hawk. 

 173- Pigeon Hawk. 



176. Marsh Hawk. 



179. American Goshawk. 

 173. Duck Hawk. 



183. Broad=winged Hawk. 

 182. Red=shouldered Hawk. 



180. Red°tailed Hawk. 



172. Duck Hawk. 



179. American Goshawk. 



180 & 181. Red=tailed Hawk and 

 Western Red-tail. 



182. Red-shouldered Hawk. 



183. Broad=winged Hawk. 



176. Marsh Hawk. 



178. Cooper Hawk. 



177. Sharp-shinned Hawk. 



