xliii. 



(i). Speculum purple. 

 (2). Speculum gray or white. 

 Wing-coverts without white. 



a. Legs yellowish, smaller. 



b. Legs reddish, larger. 

 Under parts chestnut. 



2S1. Mallard. 



2S4. Gadwall. 



282. Black Duck. 



283. Red=legged Black Duck. 



284. Gadwall. 



Subfamily 3. Fuligulinae. Sea and Bay Ducks. 



This group of ducks inhabits the deeper waters, 

 fish. Some are almost as expert divers as the famed 

 aquatic animals or vegetables. Some are considered 

 fishy flavor. 



I. Whole head and neck black. 



A. Plumage entirely black. 



B. Plumage not entirely black. 



1. Bill with a bluish band near its tip. 



2. Bill plain bluish. 



a. Back of head with purplish reflections. 



b. Back of head with greenish reflections. 



II. Head and neck rufous or rufous-brown. 



A. Head and neck rufous. 



1. Bill under 2.00. 



2. Bill over 2.00. 



B. Head and neck rufous-browii. 



1. Wing with a white patch. 



a. Region at base of bill not while. 



b. Region at base of bill white, 

 (i). Wing over 8.25. 



(2). Wing under 8.25. 



2. No white in wing. 



a. Bill over 2.00. 



b. Bill under 2.00. 

 (i). Wing over 8.00. 

 (2). Wing under 8.00. 



c. Middle tail feathers long and slender. 



III. Head and throat steel blue or steel green. 



A. Steel green. 



B. Steel blue. 



IV. Head and neck otherwise. 



A. Wing over 10.00. 



1. Bill over 2.00. 



2. Bill under 2.00. 



a. Speculum white. 



b. Speculum not white. 



B. Wing under 7.00. 



1. Tail feathers normal. 



2. Tail fea;thers stiff and slender. 



They dive to a considerable depth, often, for 

 grebes and loons. They feed upon almost any 

 a tabic delicacy, while others are of a decidedly 



304. American Scoter. 



297. Ring-necked Duck. 



296. Lesser Scaup Duck. 

 295. American Scaup Duck. 



293. Redhead. 



294. Canvasback. 



298 & 299. American and Barrows 

 QoIden=eyes. 



295. American Scaup Duck. 



296. Lesser Scaup Duck. 



294. Canvasback. 



293. Redhead. 



297. Ring=necked Duck. 

 301. Old-squaw. 



298. American Golden eye. 



299. Barrows QoIden=eye. 



302. American Eider. 



305. White-winged Scoter. 



303. King Eider. 



300. Bufflehead. 



306. Ruddy Duck. 



Subfamily 4. AnsErinai;. Geese. 



Like the river and pond ducks, the geese feed in the water by tipping instead of diving, for 

 which their large bodies are not adapted. They are vegetarians, and forage a great deal in fields, 

 picking up scattered grain. Rarely large flocks may damage newly sown or newly sprouting fields 

 of grain. They like the tender shoots of grass and grains. 



I. Head black, throat white. 



A. Length 35 or more. 



B. Length 34 or less. 



279. Canada Goose. 



280. Hutchins Goose. 



II. Head black, throat black. 



A. With less white below. 



B. With more white below. 



III. Whole head or forehead white. 

 A. Forehead white. 



(Hypothetical) Brant. 

 (Hypothetical) White-bellied Brant. 



278. American White-fronted Goose. 



