xliv. 



B. Whole head and neck white, grayish or rusty. 



1. Primaries black, rest of plumage white. ^ ^ 



a. Wing more than 17.00. 276. Greater Snow Goose. 



b. Wing 17.00 or less. 275- Lesser Snow Goose. 



2. Back grayish brown. 



a. Wings without conspicuous white. 277- olue Goose. 



b. Wings with conspicuous white. 



(i) Wing more than 17.00. 276. Greater Snow Goose. 



(2). Wing 17.00 or less. 275. Lesser Snow Goose. 



IV. Head and neck brown, bill yellow. 



A. Rump fuscous. 278. American White=fronted Goose. 



B. Rump gray. 277. Blue Goose. ()w.) 



Subfamily 5. Cygninae. Swans. 



The general form of the swans is too well known to call for comment here. The long neck 

 enables them to feed upon the bottom of shallow pools without tipping up in the undignified man- 

 ner of the geese. They migrate in flocks much after the manner of the geese, and seem to feed 

 on both vegetable matter and aquatic insects. 



373. Whistling Swan. 



274. Trumpeter Swan. 



Order 14. STEGANOPODES. Pelicans, Cormorants, etc. 

 Family i. FrEGatidau. Man=o'=War Birds. 



The single member of this family which has been found in Ohio must be regarded as an acci- 

 dental visitor, not likely to be found again. 312. Man=o'=War Bird. 



Family 2. PELiiCANiDAi!;. Pelicans. 



The American White Pelican is the only representative of this family in Ohio. It may be 

 known at once by its great size, white plumage and enormous pouch hanging from the lower side 

 of the bill. It is fovmd only about considerable bodies of water, or the vicinity of them, where 

 it must feed. 3ii- American White Pelican. 



Family 3. Phai,acrocoracidae. Cormorants. 



There appears to be but a single species of this family ia the Ohio list of birds. Examination 

 of the only specimen of Cormorant taken in the state, and supposed to be the Florida form, fails 

 to verify the supposition that the birds found breeding at the St. Mary's Reservoir many years ago 

 were form Aoridanus. The Cormorants look like geese while flying, but may be distinguished from 

 them by the hoarse croak. The Ohio form is Phalacrocorax dilophus. 



310. DoubIe=crested Cormorant. 



Order 16. PYGOPODES. Diving Birds. 



Family i. Podicipidae;. Grebes. 



The Grebes will seldom be seen anywhere except in the water, where they are perfectly at home. 

 They may be readily distinguished from all other swimmiwg birds by the absence of a tail. When 

 suspicious of danger they swim with most or all of the body beneath the water, and if hard pressed 

 will protrude only the bill far enough to breathe. Witch-like escapes may often be attributed to 

 this power. 



I. Large, over i8 inches long. 314. rfolboell Grebe. 



II. Smaller, less than 16 inches long. 



A. Bill slender, less than a third as deep at base as long. 315. Horned Grebe. 



B. Bill about half as deep as base as long. 316. Pied=billed Grebe. 



Family 2. Gaviidae. Loons. 



All of the Loons which visit Ohio are large birds, seldom visiting small bodies of water in 

 their migrations. They resemble the Grebes in habits, eatimg m.uch the same aquatic life. Their 

 weird calls, like the laughter of a maniac, have given th»m their name. Their quickness in div- 

 ing enabled them to escape the shot from an old flint-lock or percussion cap gun, but modern 

 smokeless powder often proves their undoing. 



