470 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 
as we have seen these are not distinguishable as they get older. At Glasnevin there 
is a remarkable tree about forty years old, of which the stem is erect for about 25 feet, 
and beyond this bends over almost horizontally, extending laterally outwards for 
almost 12 feet ; and Elwes saw one of very slender and pendulous habit at Angers 
in France. 
DISTRIBUTION 
This cedar occurs in Algeria and Morocco. In the latter country its distribution 
is still scarcely known, though it was in Morocco that the Atlas cedar was first 
discovered. Philip Barker Webb visited! Tangiers and Tetuan in the spring of 1827, 
and from a native received branches of cedar which had been collected in the im- 
penetrable mountains of the province of El Rif, where there were said to be vast 
forests. Webb’s specimens are preserved in the museum at Florence, where I saw 
them in December 1906. His discovery was published in an article? by De Candolle 
in 1837. Dr. Trabut? states that the tree occurs in the mountains behind Tetuan ; 
and it is supposed ‘ to exist to the south-east of Fez, where the traveller Rohlfs states 
that he saw larch growing. 
In Algeria the cedar® forms a considerable number of isolated forests, none of 
them of great extent, at altitudes between 4000 and 6900 feet. The tree appears to 
be indifferent to soil, as it grows both on limestone and on sandstone formations. 
No meteorological observations have been regularly taken in the cedar forests ; but 
in general, where the tree flourishes, snow lies for several months during winter, the 
temperature descending to 5° Fahr., and frost prevailing until May. In summer 
the weather is dry with moderate temperatures. 
In the following detailed account I have supplemented my own observations by 
consulting both the special pamphlet® concerning the cedar, published by order of 
Governor-General Cambon, and M. Lefebvre’s excellent book’ on the forests of 
Algeria. 
‘The chief forests are those in the vicinity of Ouarsenis, Téniet-el-Haad, and 
Blida, and in the Djurdjura range in the province of Algiers ; and those on Mt. Babor, 
in the Mdadid mountains south of Sétif, and in the Aurés and Belezma mountains 
near Batna. 
The forest* of Ouarsenis, the most westerly in Algeria, lies in the mountains 
south of Orléansville. Here the cedar, mostly in mixture with Quercus Ilex, only 
covers an area of 250 acres. The forest near Blida, which is often visited by tourists, 
as it lies near the railway not far from Algiers, is 1700 acres in extent, and consists 
of cedars either growing pure or in mixture with the evergreen oak ; and it is, gener- 
ally speaking, in a poor condition. In the Djurdjura range, extending in an inter- 
rupted band on both slopes for nearly 4o miles, are the remains of an ancient forest, 
most of the trees either growing singly or in small groups on rocks and precipices, 
1 Gay, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, iii, 39 (1856). 2 Bibliotheque Universelle de Gendve, 1837, PP. 439, 440. 
3 Les Zones Botaniques de ? Algérie, 7 (1888). 4 Lefebvre, Les Foréts de Cedre, 1 (1894). 
5 A fine picture of a forest in Algeria is given in Garden and Forest, viii. 335, f. 47 (1895). 
8 Les Foréts de Cédre (Alger-Mustapha, 1894). 7 Les Foréts de l Algérie, pp. 406-421 (Alger-Mustapha, 1900). 
8 Hutchison, Zrans. R. Scot. Arb, Soc. xiii. 211, states, but does not give his authority, that cedars were cut here, the 
diameter of which was so great, that it was necessary to join two saw-blades, each 6} feet long, in order to fell the trees. 
