Cedrus 477 
VARIETIES 
A considerable number of varieties have arisen in cultivation, ten being 
mentioned by Beissner.? 
1. Var. albo-spica. Growing shoots during spring and early summer of a milky- 
white colour. Trees of this kind at Dropmore? are pyramidal in habit, and make 
splendid growth. At Grayswood,* Haslemere, a bushy form with this peculiar foliage 
has been noted. 
2. Var. robusta. Branchlets stout; leaves longer and thicker than in the 
ordinary form. 
3. Var. crasstfoha. Branches short and stout ; branchlets not pendulous ; leaves 
short and thick. 
4. Var. verticillata. Branchlets whorled. 
5. Var. fastigzata. Fastigiate in habit. 
6. Varieties with variegated foliage and with bright yellow leaves have also 
been noted. The glaucous tint has appeared in cultivation, and is met with in the 
wild state. A very glaucous tree at Castlewellan has been named var. xzvea.t Trees 
with thin, shining, deep green foliage have been distinguished as var. wzrzdis. 
(A. H.) 
DISTRIBUTION 
The deodar is found in the Western Himalaya; and extends eastwards to the 
Dauli river in Kumaon, occurring at 4000 to 10,000 feet, most common at 6000 to 
8000 feet. It extends westwards through Kashmir to the Peiwar forests in the 
Kuram valley of Afghanistan. 
According to Gamble, from whom I take the most of the following account, 
it is a gregarious tree, but rarely forms pure forests, though exceptions are met with, 
generally in the form of sacred groves; usually it is associated with Prcea Morinda 
and Pinus excelsa, and three species of oak in their various zones. Sometimes the 
silver fir (4dces Pendrow) accompanies it, but more rarely ; the cypress (Cupressus 
torulosa) in its favourite localities joins it; the yew is often found under it; and 
at low elevations it mixes with Pzxus longzfolza. 
Among other trees commonly found with it may be mentioned Betula alnoides, 
Populus ciliata, sculus indica, elm, hazel, hornbeam, maples, bird-cherry, holly 
(Llex dipyrena), Prerts ovalifolia, and rhododendron; while among the shrubs 
commonly found in deodar forests may specially be noted species of Berbers, 
Indigofera, Desniodium, Cotoneaster, Euonymus, Salix, especially Salix elegans, 
Viburnum, Lonicera, Parrotia, and rose, while Clematis montana, Vitts semicordata, 
and ivy, are frequently met with climbing over and festooning its branches. 
In the outer ranges the deodar forests chiefly clothe the northern and western 
slopes of the ridges, while in the interior hills, to which the rainfall of the 
south-west monsoon still reaches, they are found on all aspects, but less pure. 
Beyond the region of the south-west monsoon the deodar is still found, but gets 
1 Nadelholskunde, 307, 308. 2 Gard. Chron. xxxvii. 44, 76 (1905). 
3 Gard, Chron, xxxvii. 59, 105 (1905). 4 Ibid, xxv. 399, fig. 146 (1899). 
