Cedrus 481 
residence of Miss Phillimore, there are deodars coning profusely at present, probably 
on account of the hot summer of 1906. At White Knights Park, Reading, there is 
a seedling now about 8 feet in height, and supposed to be 16 years old, which 
germinated on a vine border, the seed having come from a tree which measures 
75 feet in height and 10 feet in girth. 
In India the cones are often much damaged by the larvee of a Pyralid moth 
which eats out the seeds, and the saplings are attacked by the well-known fungus 
Trametes radiciperda, which spreads underground through the roots from tree to 
tree. The leaves are also attacked by Uredinous fungi, especially by Accdium cedri, 
Barclay, which forms small yellow spots and causes them to fall. ’ 
As regards the comparative hardiness to severe winter frosts of the three 
cedars we have valuable evidence’ collected by Mr. Palmer in 1860-61. Reports 
were received from no less than 211 places in England, Scotland, and Ireland. 
“The winter of 1860-61 was the most severe that has happened since its intro- 
duction. It was a winter such as had scarcely any parallel for severity in the 
memory of man, and unless some general change of climate should take place, it 
may be looked upon as exceedingly improbable that any cold of greater intensity 
should again visit us. The effect of that winter upon the deodar may therefore be 
taken as a safe guide in judging of its suitableness for our climate; what the effect 
was we are, as already mentioned, enabled, through the kindness of Mr. Palmer, to 
state with accuracy. 
Mr. Palmer's record of observations shows that the deodar is by no means so 
hardy a tree as the larch, and also that it is the least hardy of any of the cedars. 
There is no instance of any of the larches reported to him having been injured by 
the cold of 1860; while out of the deodars growing at 211 places in Great Britain 
and Ireland, plants were killed at 55, and were uninjured only at 80, having been 
more or less injured at the remaining 76, a percentage of frailty much greater than 
we should have anticipated. The Cedar of Lebanon and the Cedrus atlantica 
proved more hardy, and about equal between themselves. The following summary 
will show the actual results of Mr. Palmer’s report on all three :— 
Total Places Proportion of 
cared gs Not injured. Injured. Much injured. _—Kiilled. Killed and 
i i Much injured. 
Cedrus Deodara . 211 80 50 26 55 I in 24 
Cedrus Libani_. 81 51 19 6 5 tin 74 
Cedrus atlantica . 74 48 19 2 5 I in 103 
It may be interesting to notice in what proportion the three different parts of 
the kingdom suffered. It was as follows :— 
Total Places Proportion of 
ted Not injured. Injured. Much injured. Killed. Killed and 
sd asi Much injured. 
Scotland . ; 64 19 26 14 5 1 in 34 
England . . 142 61 24 13 50 I in 24 
” 
Ireland. : 4 3 I 
1 Published in Ravenscroft, Prve/, Brit. iii. 242 (1884). 
