488 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 
incurved spine above the middle on the back; two lower scales half the size of the 
others, acute ; two upper scales rounded at the apex, each bearing one seed, which 
has two lateral wings, one short and narrow, the other broad and entire or sub-dentate. 
This tree occurs in the North Island of New Zealand, in forests from Mongonui 
southward to Hawke’s Bay and Taranaki, at elevations from sea-level to 2000 feet, 
usually rare and local. Kawaka is the native name, and it is also known as the New 
Zealand Arbor Vite, the dark red wood, beautifully grained and durable, being used 
in cabinet-making. 
It is occasionally seen in conservatories ; the only tree growing in the open, that 
we know of, being one at Powerscourt, which was 20 feet high and 18 inches in girth 
in 1903. (A. H.) 
LIBOCEDRUS BIDWILLI 
Libocedrus Bidwilli, J. D. Hooker, Flora New Zealand, i. 257 (1867); Kirk, Forest Flora New 
Zealand, 159, tt. 82a, 83 (1889); Cheeseman, Mew Zealand Flora, 647 (1906). 
A tree similar to Z. Donzana, but smaller, attaining a maximum of 80 feet in 
height and 12 feet in girth; but often bushy at high altitudes and on peat-bogs. 
Branchlets on young trees like those of Z. Donzana, but more slender ; on old trees 
tetragonal, sth to 74th inch in diameter, clothed with densely imbricated, minute, 
scale-like leaves, uniform in size and shape in the four ranks, closely appressed, boat- 
shaped, ovate, acute, green in colour. Cones like those of Z. Donzana, but smaller, 
4 to £ inch long. 
This tree occurs both on the North and South Islands of New Zealand, from 
Te Aroha mountain and Mount Egmont southward to the Foveaux Strait, not un- 
common in hilly and mountain forests at 800 to 4000 feet elevation. It is known as 
cedar or Pahautea, and has soft, red, and rather brittle wood. This species has 
not apparently been introduced, though judging from its occurrence higher in the 
mountains and more southerly in latitude than Z. Donzana, it ought to be hardy in 
the milder parts of the British Isles. (A. H.) 
LIBOCEDRUS MACROLEPIS 
Libocedrus macrolepis, Bentham et Hooker, Gen. Pl. iii. 426 (1880); Kent, Veitch’s AZan. Contfera, 
255 (1900); Masters, Gard. Chron, xxx. 467 (1901); Henry, Garden, Ixii. 183, with figure of 
tree (1902). 
Calocedrus macrolepis, Kurz, Journ. Bot. xi. 196, t. 133 (1873). 
A tree, attaining in China 100 feet in height, broadly pyramidal in habit, with 
whitish, scaly bark. This species resembles Z. decurrens in foliage—the frondose 
branch-systems being, however, more flattened, and the leaves thinner in texture and 
larger at the corresponding stages of growth than in that species—the best mark of 
distinction being the glaucous tint of the leaves beneath, Staminate flowers oblong, 
