500 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 
The species in cultivation are :— 
1. Liguidambar styracifilua, Linnzus. North America. 
Shoots glabrous. Leaves large, usually five-lobed, only occasionally lobulate in 
margin ; under surface glabrous, except for dense tufts of pubescence in the axils of 
the main nerves at the base, and occasional minute tufts at the junctions of the lateral 
and main nerves. 
2. Liguidambar ortentals, Miller. Asia Minor. 
Shoots glabrous. Leaves small, five-lobed, margin with large lobules; under 
surface quite glabrous. 
3. Liguidambar formosana, Hance. China, Formosa, Tonking. 
Shoots pilose. Leaves large, usually three-lobed ; under surface pilose, without 
conspicuous axil-tufts. 
LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA, Sweer Gum 
Liquidambar styracifiua, Linneus, Sp. Pl. 999 (1753); Loudon, A7d, e¢ Frut. Brit. iv. 2049 
(1838); Oliver, in Hooker, /con, Plant. xi. 13 (1867); Sargent, Selva N. Amer. v. to. t. 199 
(1893), and Zvees NV. Amer. 340 (1905). 
Ligquidambar macrophylla, Oersted, Am. Cent. xvi. t. 10 (1863). 
A tree, attaining in America 160 feet in height and 17 feet in girth. Bark 
deeply and longitudinally fissured, with broad ridges covered by thick corky scales. 
Young shoots green, glabrous. Leaves (Plate 199, Fig. 7) large, averaging 
6 inches broad and 5 inches long, variable in form, cordate or almost truncate at 
the base, five-nerved, palmately and deeply cut into five oblong-triangular acuminate 
lobes, the terminal lobe largest, the basal lobes smallest, rarely lobulate ; serrations 
shallow, non-ciliate ; upper surface dark green, shining, glabrous ; lower surface light 
green, shining, glabrous except for dense tufts of pubescence in the axils of the 
nerves at the base and occasional minute tufts at the junctions of the lateral and 
main nerves. Petiole glabrous, slightly grooved on its upper side, dilated at the 
base, near which are two scars indicating where the lanceolate stipules have fallen 
off in early summer. 
Fruiting heads, about 14 inch in diameter, hanging on the tree during winter 
after the fall of the seeds in autumn, calyx margins with irregular small tubercules; 
capsules with two stout style appendages, forming woody spines, one terminating 
each valve. Perfect seeds few, with short terminal wing; imperfect seeds numerous, 
minute, angled, without wings. 
The branchlets* of many trees of this species are remarkable for their corky 
wings, which begin to develop in the second season and increase in width and 
thickness for many years. These wings occur on lateral branches, on the upper 
side only, in three or four parallel ranks; but on vertical branches they are borne 
irregularly on all sides. Trelease? observed in the case of Liquidambar trees 
1 See Miss Gregory in Botanical Gazette, xiii. 282 (1888). ? Garden and Forest, 1890, p. 195. 
