Corylus 523 
stem diameter of 18 inches. The nuts of the wild tree are small, with a thick and 
hard shell. It also grows in the mountains of Karabagh, but does not occur in the 
Talysch district. (A. H.) 
CULTIVATION 
The Turkish hazel was first cultivated in western Europe by Clusius, who 
obtained it from Constantinople in 1582. Linnzeus states that in 1736 the finest 
specimen known was a tree in the Botanic Garden at Leyden, which had been 
planted by Clusius. It was apparently first cultivated in England about the year 
1665 by John Rea,’ who states that he had then “many goodly trees of the filbeard 
of Constantinople.” He grafted these upon ordinary hazel stocks. 
The Turkish hazel is now a rare tree in England, seldom to be got from a 
nursery, though perfectly hardy and easy to grow from seed, which it ripens in most 
seasons in the southern half of England. I have raised many from a tree at 
Tortworth Court, and the Earl of Ducie has done the same. The seed usually 
germinates in the following spring if sown when ripe, but if kept till spring, some- 
times not until the next year. The seedlings, on my soil at least, have more 
inclination to become bushes than to make a single stem, but, if cut down two or 
three years after planting, will throw up strong suckers which may be trained into 
a tree, and should be planted in half-shady places or in an opening in a wood, as 
they are liable when young to be injured by spring frosts. 
REMARKABLE TREES 
No other place can show so many fine trees as Syon, where there are in the 
grounds at least five, all apparently of about the same age. The largest of these 
stands near the east bridge over the lake, and is about 75 feet high, with a bole about 
30 feet long and 6 feet 9 inches in girth. Near the gardener’s house is another fine 
tree more spreading in habit, about 70 feet by 7 feet 6 inches, which is probably not 
the same as one figured by Loudon, which was then 61 feet high. This has been 
figured by the Hon, S. Tollemache as the Hazel. 
At Bute House, Petersham, Henry measured a well-shaped tree which, in 1904, 
was 56 feet by 6 feet 7 inches. 
At Corsham Court there is a remarkable tree about 50 feet high, which divides 
near the base into two stems, one of which is quite decayed, and the other, which has 
the appearance of having originated as a sucker from it, is quite sound and 6 feet 
8 inches in girth. Lord Methuen tells me that he can remember this tree as formerly 
producing fruits which were sent up to table, but now it no longer bears any nuts. 
At White Knights I saw a grafted tree from which seedlings had sprung up in 
the shrubbery, and one of these, growing at the base of a stump, is 10 feet high at 
about ten years old. ; 
At Arley Castle there is a good tree which, in 1904, was by Mr. Woodward's 
measurement 60 feet by 5 feet 7 inches. 
1 Flora, 225 (1665). 2 British Trees with Llustrations, 9 (1901). 
HI i. 
