Carpinus 527 
10. Ostrya japonica, Sargent. China, Japan. 
Leaves 3 to 4 inches long, velvety to the touch above, slightly cordate at the 
base. Branchlets with dense, scarcely appressed, pubescence. 
11. Ostrya virginica, Willdenow. North America. 
Leaves 3 to 4 inches long, not velvety to the touch above, slightly cordate at 
the base. Branchlets glandular-pubescent. (6-H) 
CARPINUS ORIENTALIS 
Carpinus orientalis, Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 7, No. 3 (1759); Loudon, 47d. e¢ Frut. Brit, iii. 2014 
(1838); Winkler, Betwlacee, 37 (1904). 
Carpinus duinensis, Scopoli, FY. Carniol. ii. 243, t. 60 (1772); Boissier, AZ. Orient. iv. 1177 (1879); 
Willkomm, Forstliche Flora, 366 (1887). 
Carpinus nigra, Moench, Verz. Ausland. Béiume u. Staud. tg (1785). 
A small tree or large shrub, rarely attaining 50 feet in height ; bark smooth and 
greyish. Young branchlets covered with a very minute dense pubescence, with 
which are intermixed scattered long hairs. Leaves (Plate 201, Fig. 7) small,’ strongly 
plicate, the nerves being deeply impressed above, about 14 inch long by 3 inch wide, 
ovate or ovate-elliptical, acute at the apex, unequal and slightly cordate at the base ; 
margin sharply bi-serrate, ciliate ; upper surface dark green, shining, with scattered 
long hairs; lower surface light green, pilose on the midrib and nerves, glabrous 
between the nerves, with minute axil-tufts; nerves nine to thirteen pairs; petioles, 
} to % inch, pilose; stipules linear-lanceolate, pubescent at the apex, + inch long, 
often persistent during summer. Fruit: strobiles, up to 2 inches long; bracts 
densely imbricated, 2 inch long, obliquely ovate, not lobed, sharply and irregularly 
serrate. 
This species is a native of south-eastern Europe and western Asia. It occurs 
in Italy and Sicily, reaching its northern limit in Istria, Croatia, Slavonia, Banat, 
and Transylvania, and extending southwards through the Balkan States to Macedonia 
and Greece. It is also met with in the Crimea, Asia Minor, and the Caucasus. 
It was introduced into cultivation in England in 1739 by Miller. It appears to 
be exceedingly rare, the only specimens we have seen being at Kew, where there are 
several small trees, one of which, planted in 1878, is now about 20 feet high. 
(A. H.) 
CARPINUS POLYNEURA 
Carpinus polyneura, Franchet, Journ. de Bot. xiii. 202 (1 899); Burkill, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), xxvi. 
501 (1899). 
Carpinus Turczaninowii, Hance, var. polyneura, Winkler, Betulacee, 38, f. 12 (1904). 
A small tree, attaining 30 feet in height; bark greyish, slightly fissuring and 
scaly. Young branchlets with scattered long hairs. Leaves (Plate 201, Fig. 5) 
1 In wild specimens the leaves are often larger, 2 to 23 inches in length. 
