Sciadopitys 569 
these the bracts, which are ordinarily completely coalesced with the fruit-scales, 
become detached from them towards the apex of the cone, and are scale-like in 
character, producing cladodes in their axils. (A. H.) 
Shirasawa states that the tree grows wild in mixture with Adzes firma and 
Cupressus pisifera at 600 to 5000 feet in the forests of Kiso and Shinano. 
Matsumura adds Mt. Hoonokawa in Tosa. 
According to Mayr, the tree is similar to the silver fir in its capacity for bearing 
shade ; but is extremely slow in growth, only attaining in Kiso, where the climate is 
favourable to it, a height of 30 feet in fifty years. Trees 110 feet in height and 
2 feet in diameter average about 250 years old. Mayr gives a figure of two old 
trees, growing at Agematsu, which were nearly 120 feet in height and 4 feet in 
diameter; and this shows how the tree, even at an advanced age, preserves a 
narrow pyramidal form with an upright leader, without any sign of flattening of 
the crown. 
I saw this tree in its native forest to the best advantage in the lovely valley of 
Atera, on the west side of the Kisogawa, below Agematsu, at from 2000 to 3000 feet 
elevation. Here it was scattered in a forest of mixed conifers and hardwoods, and 
seemed to grow only on rocky slopes and ridges, where its narrow-pointed top made 
it conspicuous. The seedlings were numerous in dense shade growing on a bed of 
humus, and those that I took up had long but scanty roots, running deep, but 
spreading little. Their growth was very slow, not more than 3 to 6 inches annually 
for the first twenty years at least. On a steep rocky hill above the forester’s house, 
at the end of the tramway which has been made up this valley, the largest trees were 
growing, mixed with Thujopsis, the undergrowth being very dense, and composed 
of Rhododendron, with Shortia uniflora spreading over the ground in great sheets. 
The largest that I was able to measure were 90 to 100 feet high and 9 to ro feet in 
girth, one being 11 feet 9 inches at 5 feet from the ground. Plate 159a fairly 
represents the appearance of the tree here. 
In the forest near Koyasan I saw it again, mixed with Cupressus obtusa, but not 
attaining so large a size, though it seemed that in the dense shade the seedlings of 
Sciadopitys were more numerous and vigorous. Though often planted in parks and 
temple gardens, I never saw any trees as fine as those figured by Mayr at 
Agematsu, and it is clear that shade, perfect drainage, and a rich forest soil are 
essential to this species. 
According to Mayr, the wood is white in colour, the sapwood only ? inch thick 
being like the heartwood. The wood is comparable to the best kind of spruce, and 
is soft and elastic. It is used in Japan for boat-building, making bath-tubs and 
casks, planking, etc. 
CULTIVATION 
Though this interesting tree has been planted in many places, yet it usually 
grows very slowly and seems to require a high summer temperature, with a warm 
and sheltered situation. Ripe seed was produced in Ireland at Castlewellan in 1900, 
