xii INTRODUCTION. 
gape without bristles. Wings with the first quill short, the second nearly 
equal to the third and fourth, which are longest. Tail long and rounded. 
Tarsus long, with broad scales in front ; the inner toe nearly as long as the 
outer {p. 73). 
LuscINIOLA, G. 2. Gray.—Bill stout, rictal bristles strong, supplementary 
feathers do not cover the nostrils as in Phy/loscopus ; bastard primary about 
half the length of the second, third to fifth about equal and longest (p. 73*). 
Hyporais, C. ZL. Brehm.—Bill stout, very wide at the base, the edges straight, 
somewhat compressed towards the tip, which is slightly emarginated. Nostrils 
basal, oblique, oval and exposed. Wings rather long and pointed, the first 
quill very short, the third usually the longest. Tail slightly rounded. Tarsus 
short ; toes small; the claws short but much curved (p. 75). 
ACROCEPHALUS, J. 4. Maumann.—Bill more or less straight, with the culmen 
elevated, wide and flattened at the base, compressed towards the tip, and 
slightly emarginated ; nostrils as above; bristles at the gape moderately 
developed. Forehead narrow and depressed. Wings rather short ; the first 
quill minute, the third generally the longest. Tail rounded and rather long. 
Legs long; toes large and stout, the hind toe strong; claws long and 
moderately curved (p. 79). 
LocustELia, Kazg.—Differs from the above chiefly in having the bristles at the 
gape very small, a more rounded tail, and longer under tail-coverts. Prof. 
Newton states that the tendons.of the tibial muscles are: strongly ossified in_ 
_ this genus (p. 89). 
Subfamily ACCENTORINA. 
ACCENTOR, Bechstein.—Bill strong, broad at the base, rather conical ; the upper 
mandible overlapping the lower and slightly notched near the tip. Nostrils 
basal, oblique and linear. Wings moderate, more or less rounded ; the first 
quill very short, the third generally the longest. Legs strong; the tarsus 
feathered at the upper end, and covered in front with several broad scales ; 
the outer toe joined at its base to the middle toe ; the claw of the hind toe 
much the longest (p. 93). 
Family CINCLID/E. 
Cincius, Bechstein.—Bill moderate, slightly ascending, angular, and higher than 
broad at the base ; straight, compressed and rounded near the tip; the upper 
mandible slightly decurving at the point. Nostrils basal, lateral, placed in 
a depression, cleft longitudinally, and partly covered by a membrane. Gape 
very narrow, and without bristles. Wings short, broad and convex ; the first 
quill very short ; the second not so long as the third or fourth, which are 
nearly equal. Tail short. Legs feathered to the tibio-tarsal joint ; tarsus 
longer than the middle toe; the lateral toes equal in length, the outer toe 
slightly connected with the middle toe. The whole body closely covered 
with down. Sternum with the posterior margin entire (p. 97). 
Family PANURID. 
Panurus, A. Z. Xoch.—Bill short, subconical, upper mandible convex above, 
decurved from the base, broader and considerably longer than the lower, 
