XXIV INTRODUCTION. 
Toes short and strong; the outer toe united at its base to the middle toe, but 
slightly reversible. Claws moderately long and curved (p. 335)- 
PERNIS, Cuvzer.—Bill slender, rather weak, curved from the base, the cutting 
edges of the upper mandible nearly straight ; cere large ; nostrils elongated, 
placed obliquely ; lores closely covered with small scale-like feathers. 
Wings long and large ; the first quill short, the third and fourth the longest ; 
inner webs of the first four deeply notched. Tail long. Tarsus short, half 
of it plumed, the rest reticulated ; toes of moderate length and strength ; 
claws slender and only slightly curved (p. 339). 
Fauco, Lizneus.—Bill short, curved from its base ; a strong projecting tooth on 
each cutting edge of the upper mandible. Wings long and pointed ; the 
first and third quills of equal length, the second longest. Tarsus short, 
robust, reticulated ; toes long, strong, armed with curved and sharp claws 
(p- 341). 
PANDION, Savégny.—Bill short, strong, rounded and broad ; cutting edges nearly 
straight. Nostrils oblong-oval, oblique. Wings long, second and third 
quills longest. Legs strong and muscular ; tarsus short, reticulated. Toes 
free, nearly equal, the outer toe reversible ; all armed with strong, curved, 
and sharp claws ; under surface of the toes rough and covered with small 
pointed scales. Feathers wanting the aftershaft (p. 359). 
Order STEGANOPODES. 
Family PELECANID. 
PHALACROCORAX, Srisson.-—Bill moderate or long, straight, compressed, culmen 
rounded ; upper mandible much curved at the point, hooked; the base 
connected with a membrane which extends to the throat. Face and throat 
naked. Nostrils basal, linear, hidden. Wings moderate, the third quill the 
longest. Tail of twelve or fourteen stiff and rigid feathers. Legs strong, 
short, placed far back ; three toes in front, and a hind toe articulated on the 
inner surface of the tarsus, all four united together by membranes ; claw of 
the middle toe serrated on the inner edge (p. 361). 
Suta, Srzsson.—Bill strong, long, forming an elongated cone, very large at its 
base, compressed towards the point, which is slightly curved ; edges of the 
mandibles serrated ; angle of the gape behind the line of the eyes. Face 
and throat naked. Nostrils basal, obliterated. Wings long, first quill the 
longest. Tail wedge-shape. Legs strong, short, placed rather far back ; 
three toes in front, and a hind toe articulated to the inner surface of the 
tarsus, all four united by membranes ; claw of the middle toe pectinated 
(p. 365). 
Order HERODIONES. 
Family ARDEID. 
ARDEA, Srisson.—Bill long, strong, straight, compressed in a lengthened cone ; 
upper mandible slightly grooved on each side; nostrils lateral, basal, 
pierced longitudinally in the groove, and half closed bya membrane. Wings 
moderate, the second quill the longest. Tail of twelve feathers, short, nearly 
even. Legs long, slender, naked above the tarsal joint ; tarsus scutellated in 
