INTRODUCTION. XXVii 
toe smalland elevated ; claws small, that on the middle toe broadly rounded. 
Sexes alike in plumage (p. 407). 
Cyonus, #echste’.—Bill of equal breadth throughout its length, higher than 
wide at the base, depressed at the point ; both mandibles furnished along the 
sides with transverse lamellz. Lores chiefly naked. Nostrils oblong, 
lateral, near the middle of the beak. Neck slender and very long. Legs 
short, the tarsus reticulated ; the three front toes fully webbed ; the hind toe 
small, free, and without lobe. Sexes alike in plumage (p. 413). : 
Taborna, Fvemzitg.—Bill about the length of the head, higher than broad at the 
base, depressed or concave in the middle, breadth nearly equal throughout ; 
under mandible much narrower than the upper, and the latter grooved near 
the tip; nail decurved, forming a hook ; both mandibles furnished with thin 
transverse lamellz. Nasal groove near the base of the beak ; nostrils oval, 
lateral, pervious, Wings of moderate length, the second quill the longest. 
Legs moderate ; the tibize naked for a short space above the tarsal joint ; three 
toes entirely webbed in front, and one behind free. Sexes nearly alike in 
plumage (p. 419). 
Anas, &risson.—Bill about as long as the head, broad, depressed, sides parallel, 
sometimes partially dilated ; both mandibles furnished on the inner edges with 
transverse lamella. Nostrils small, oval, lateral. Wings rather long, pointed. 
Tail wedge-shaped. Legs rather short, placed under the centre of the body ; 
tarsus somewhat rounded; three toes in front, connected by membranes ; 
hind toe free, without pendant lobe or membrane. The sexes differ in 
plumage (p. 423). 
SpaTuLa, Soze.—Bill much longer than the head, compressed at the base, widen- 
ing towards the end ; lamella projecting conspicuously from the base to near 
the broadest part. Wing pointed, the first and second quills the longest. 
Tail short, graduated, of fourteen pointed feathers. Legs very short ; hind 
toe small, free, without a lobe. The sexes differ in plumage (p. 427). 
DarFILA, Stephens.—Bill about as long as the head, the edges nearly parallel, but 
: widening a trifle towards the end ; lamellz not very strongly defined. Neck 
long and slender. Wings long and pointed, the first and second quills sub- 
equal and longest, the rest rapidly graduated. Tailsharply pointed, the central 
feathers considerably elongated in the male. Legs rather short; hind toe 
small ; margin of web to anterior toes slightly emarginate. The sexes differ 
in plumage (p. 429). 
NErrion, Aazp.—Bill moderate ; not gradually tapering towards the tip, where 
it is somewhat broad and rounded, no crest, nor any falcate inner secondaries. 
Otherwise similar to Querguedula. 
QUERQUEDULA, Stephens.— Bill about as long as the head, wider towards the 
end ; nail broad and large. Nostrils small and oblong. Wings rather long, 
pointed, the first and second quills sub-equal and longer than the rest ; 
scapulars and inner secondaries elongated and pointed. Tail of sixteen 
feathers, short and rounded. Legs short; tarsus compressed, anteriorly 
scutellated ; hind toe very small, outer toe much shorter than the third, 
middle toe rather long; interdigital membrane emarginated ; claws small, 
somewhat curved. The sexes differ in plumage (p. 434). 
