INTRODUCTION. XXXV 
quill the longest. Legs moderately long, slender, lower part of tibia naked ; 
three toes in front, divided to their origin ; one toe behind, small, and articu- 
lated upon the tarsus (p. 579). 
Cauipris, flliger.—Bill as long as the head, straight, slender, flexible, com- 
pressed at the base, with the point dilated and smooth. Nostrils basal, 
lateral, narrow, longitudinally cleft in the nasal furrow, which extends to the 
smooth point of the beak. Wings of moderate length, pointed, the first 
quill the longest. Tail of twelve feathers, short, doubly emarginated. Legs 
rather short, naked for some distance above the tarsal joint. Three toes 
only; all directed forwards, with a very small connecting membrane at 
their base (p. 597). 
MACHETES, Cuvier.—Bill straight, rather slender, as long as the head, with the 
tip dilated and smooth ; upper mandible laterally sulcated for four-fifths of 
its length; culmen rounded. Nostrils basal, lateral, linear, placed in the 
commencement of the groove. Wings long and pointed, the first quill the 
longest. Legs moderate, the tibia naked for a considerable space above the 
tarsal joint. Toes, three before and one behind ; the outer toe united to the 
middle one by a small web; hind toe short, barely touching the ground. 
During the breeding-season the head and neck of the male are adorned with 
long plumes, which, when raised, form a large ruff around the head, and the 
face is covered with small fleshy warts or papillze (p. 599). 
TRINGITES, Caéanzs.—Bill shorter than the head, slender, straight, decurved, 
acute and hardened at the tip; nasal groove long; nostrils basal, linear, 
rather large. Gape extensive. Wings pointed, the first quill the longest. 
Tail rounded, with projecting central feathers. Legs moderate, slender, the 
tibia bare for a considerable distance ; tarsus compressed, slender, scutellated, 
anterior toes free nearly to their bases ; hind toe small, elevated ; claws small, 
arched, slender, slightly acute (p. 601). 
BaRTRAMIA, Lesson.—Bill scarcely longer than the head, moderately slender, 
straight, the nasal groove extending nearly to the tip, which is narrowed but 
obtuse ; nostrils linear, basal. Gape very wide and deep. Wings not 
reaching to the end of the tail, pointed ; the first quill the longest, the inner 
secondaries rather elongated. Tail of twelve feathers, long, much rounded. 
Legs rather long and slender, the tibia bare for a considerable distance ; 
tarsus scutellated ; toes, three in front, long and slender, a slight web between 
the outer and the middle ; hind toe elevated (p. 603). 
Toranus, Bechstecn.—Bill longer than the head, straight or very slightly recurved, 
soft at the base, hard, solid at the point, compressed throughout the whole 
length, ending in a sharp point; both mandibles grooved at the base, 
the extreme end of the upper mandible slightly bent towards the under 
one. Nostrils lateral, linear, pierced longitudinally in a groove. Wings 
moderate; the first quill the longest ; inner secondaries elongated. Tail 
rather short ; somewhat rounded. Legs moderate or long, slender, naked 
above the tarsal joint ; three toes in front, one behind ; the middle toe united 
to the outer toe by a membrane (p. 605). 
MacrorHaAmMpuus, Leach.—Bill long, straight, rounded, rather slender in the 
middle, the tip dilated, slightly incurved and rugose. Nostrils lateral, basal. 
Wings long and pointed. Tail of twelve feathers. Lower part of the tibia 
