TURDINA, 35 
THE BLUETHROAT. 
CYANECULA suEcIA (Linnezus). 
There are two, and perhaps three, forms of the Bluethroat. The 
first, which has its breeding-grounds in Arctic and sub-Arctic Europe 
and Asia, exhibits a ved spot in the centre of the blue gorget of the 
adult male ; the second form, which breeds south of the Baltic, has 
the spot wézte ; in the third and rarer form, the gorget is wuspotted 
blue, but as the feathers, on being raised, show white at their bases, 
it seems probable that this last is an intensified development of the 
white-spotted form, with which alone it is associated as regards its 
geographical distribution. I am not aware of any distinctive 
characters by which the females and young of these forms may be 
separated. 
The Red-spotted form is the only one which has been proved to 
visit this country; for although an entirely blue-throated bird is 
said to have been observed by the Jate Capt. Hadfield in the Isle of 
Wight, it was not obtained. Since 1826 this Arctic race has been 
recorded in England at irregular intervals, generally on the 
autumnal migration, and sparingly in spring; sometimes on the 
southern, but more often on the eastern, coasts. In September, 1883, 
considerable numbers were observed on our east coast, especially in 
Norfolk, where a much larger flock dropped in the same month of 
1884. Most of these visitors are immature, and they merely stay to 
