CORVIDA. 239 
aS a 
1 tran at vr 
an ie 
THE JACKDAW. 
Cérvus MONEDULA, Linnzus. 
The jackdaw is a familiar resident throughout England and 
Wales. It is also common over the greater part of Scotland, but in 
the north-west it is somewhat rare, and although it breeds sparingly 
in Skye it has seldom been noticed in the Outer Hebrides ; again, 
there are now several large and increasing colonies in the Orkneys, 
but in the Shetlands the bird is as yet an accidental visitor. 
In Ireland it is, as a rule, abundant; but in Kerry, Donegal and 
other wild portions of the coast, its place is—or was—taken by the 
Chough, and it is exceptionally that the two species are found 
breeding within the same area. The same holds good of Guernsey 
in the Channel Islands, and on Lundy Island there used to be no 
Jackdaws ; in fact, although generally distributed along our coasts 
as well as in town and country, this species is sometimes unaccount- 
ably absent. Large numbers arrive on our east coast in autumn, 
and a similar migration occurs at Heligoland. 
To the Feroes and Iceland the Jackdaw rarely wanders, and in 
Norway it is not found breeding north of Trondhjems-fjord ; though 
in Russia it occurs at Mezen, near the Arctic circle. As a rule, it 
is resident throughout the rest of Europe; but in the south of 
