416 BEWICK’S SWAN. 
it is only an irregular visitor to Norway, though rather more frequent 
in Finland. Its summer habitat is decidedly more northerly and less 
westerly than that of the Whooper, no nesting-places being known 
to the south of about 68°, or to the west of the White Sea, and it 
was only near the mouth of the Petchora that Messrs. Harvie-Brown 
and Seebohm obtained the first identified eggs on record. In 1894 
Mr. Trevor-Battye found it nesting a little further west, namely on 
Kolguev Island, where afterwards Mr. H. J. Pearson’s party were the 
first to obtain the young in down; and it occurs in Novaya Zemlya 
and some other localities in the Arctic Sea. On the Yenesei the 
late Mr. Seebohm, as well as Mr. H. L. Popham, recognized no other 
Swan to the north of the Arctic circle; and it ranges eastward to 
beyond the Lena, but has not been obtained in Kamchatka. In 
the cold season it visits Japan and China; while in Europe it has 
occasionally been found as far south as the Mediterranean. 
The nest resembles that of the Whooper, but the eggs are smaller 
than those of that bird, and have rather less gloss: measurements 
3°9 by 26 in. The note sounds like ong or Joong quickly uttered, 
and is very different from that of the larger species. The food 
consists chiefly of aquatic plants. 
The adult is pure white; the irides dark ; legs, toes and webs 
black ; the distribution of black and orange-yellow on the beak is 
shown in the illustration. The young bird is greyish-brown, but the 
white plumage is acquired in the second winter, when the irides are 
yellow. Length from 46-50 in. (bill 3°5); wing about 21 in.; 
weight 13 lbs. 
An immature Swan shot near Aldeburgh in October 1866 and 
now in the Ipswich Museum, is, in the opinion of Professor Newton, 
an example of the American Trumpeter-Swan, C. dvccinator: a larger 
species than the Whooper, with a black bill. It has long been 
naturalized in this country and has repeatedly hatched its young in 
captivity. Another North-American species which has been stated— 
on weak evidence—to have been found at long intervals in the shops 
of Edinburgh poulterers, is C. columbianus: a bird smaller than the 
Whooper, though larger than Bewick’s Swan, and resembling the 
latter in having patches of small size at the base of the bill, though 
these are of a deep orange-colour. In the adults of our Whooper 
and the American Trumpeter-Swan the loop of the trachea between 
the walls of the keel takes a vertical direction, whereas in Bewick’s 
Swan and in C. columbianus the bend is horizontal ; but in immature 
birds these distinctions are less marked and more variable. 
