ANATIDA. 449 
THE SCAUP-DUCK. 
FULIGULA MaRfLa (Linnzus). 
The Scaup-Duck makes its appearance on the southern coast of 
Great Britain about the end of October or the beginning of Novem- 
ber, though somewhat earlier in the north. It is common during 
the winter on low oozy shores as well as in sheltered rocky bays, 
but the great majority take their departure in spring, and assertions 
respecting the breeding of this species in Scotland lack con- 
firmation; while, though generally distributed in the cold season, 
it is not plentiful in the Orkneys or the Outer Hebrides. In 
Treland large flocks visit the coasts and tidal waters of the north and 
west, but comparatively few are noticed in the south. 
The Scaup is common in autumn and winter in the Feroes, 
where a few only remain to nest; but in Iceland it breeds in great 
abundance, as it does up to lat. 70° N. in Scandinavia, Arctic 
Russia, and Siberia as far as Bering Island. According to Blasius 
it has nested on one occasion at the Hiddensee in Brunswick, but 
as arule it is not found south of the Baltic except on passage or 
in winter, when it visits the Swiss lakes. It reaches the Mediter- 
ranean, but is rare in the western portion, though not uncommon 
in the east and the Levant, as well as on the Black and Caspian 
Seas. It is unknown in Turkestan and rare in India, though 
occasionally found as far south as Bombay; the mountains and 
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