458 HARLEQUIN DUCK. 
have been obtained on the Swedish coast ; and I have examined, in 
a private collection at Lausanne, a bird of that sex, shot on Lake 
Léman on September 12th 1865, while occurrences are recorded on 
the lakes of Morat, Zurich and Constance. This species has not 
been observed in Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemlya, nor in Siberia as far 
as the Lena delta, but eastward it is found on the waters of the 
highlands from Lake Baikal to the Stanovoi Mountains and Kam- 
chatka, whence, by way of the Kuril Islands, it can be traced to 
Northern Japan in winter. It inhabits the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, 
California down to the head-waters of the Stanislaus at about 4,000 
feet of elevation, the Fur-countries (except the Barren Grounds) and 
Newfoundland ; migrating as far south as St. Louis, Missouri, in 
winter. In Greenland it has been observed on both coasts and up to 
about lat. 70° N. on the east. In Iceland it appears to be resident, 
migrating from the northern to the southern districts in winter. 
Mr. Shepherd observed this species in considerable numbers in 
the north-west of Iceland, frequenting the Laxa and other rapid 
streams ; its nests were in holes in the banks, and, near Myvatn, in 
the lava, or under stones ; while in the south-east Mr. H. J. Pearson 
found them also under wild angelica and trailing plants. The eggs, 
normally 7 in number, are of a warm creamy colour: measurements 
2'2 by 1°7 in. The food consists of small molluscs, crustaceans and 
marine insects in winter; and in summer the bird hunts for the 
larvae of Ephemerides among the stones in the shallows of the swiftest 
rivers (H. H. Slater). 
The adult male has a large white patch on each side of the base 
of the bill, separated by a median black line running to the nape 
and margined with white and chestnut ; behind each eye a white spot, 
and lower down a stripe of the same colour; rest of the head, throat 
and neck bluish-black, with an imperfect collar of white margined 
with black ; in a line with the closed wing a broader but much shorter 
crescentic half-band of white (the collar and bands are too extensive 
in the wood-cut); upper parts chiefly bluish-black, with some white 
stripes and spots on the scapulars, secondaries and wing-coverts ; 
wing-patch purple ; breast and abdomen dark greyish-brown ; flanks 
rich chestnut ; a small white spot on each side of the tail-coverts ; 
bill bluish-black ; irides orange ; legs and feet lead-colour. Length 
17in.; wing 8in. The female is smaller, of a nearly uniform brown- 
colour above, mottled on the front of the neck; at the base of the 
bill and behind each eye are patches of white, varying in purity ; 
belly dull white. 
