712 WHITE-BILLED NORTHERN DIVER. 
1895-96 in Hampshire. Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe has recently 
identified, in the collection of Mr. Bulkley Allen of Altrincham, a 
young bird shot on Loch Fyne, late in the autumn of 1893. 
During the breeding-season the White-billed Diver appears to be 
circumpolar in its distribution. It may be this large species—and 
not C. glacialis—that is found on the island of Jan Mayen and has 
been observed in Spitsbergen ; while in 1895 and 1897 birds were 
observed, by members of Mr. Pearson’s Expeditions, at two places 
in the southern island of Novaya Zemlya ; and the species probably 
occurs in Arctic Russia. Prof. Collett has shown (Ibis 1894, 
pp. 269-281) that many individuals have been obtained in Norway ; 
and a young bird shot in Upper Austria in 1840 has recently been 
referred to this species. In Siberia Mr. Popham was told that the 
species was very rare on the Yenesei, but he received a skin from the 
Boganida district, and Middendorff stated long ago that the birds he 
obtained on the Taimyr peninsula had yellowish-white bills. Eastward 
this Diver was found nesting on the Chuckchi peninsula, in 1879, 
by Lieut. Palander of the ‘ Vega,’ and it can be traced to the islands 
of Bering Sea and Alaska. In the last it is at least predominant, 
though further south, as well as round Great Slave Lake, it meets 
with C. glacialis ; no intermediate forms being known. In winter 
it ranges through the North Pacific down to Japan; while, as already 
indicated, it is found in summer throughout America to the north of 
the Arctic circle. 
Messrs. Nelson, R. MacFarlane, or other explorers of the Fur 
countries, give no special description of the breeding-habits of this 
species, but in all probability these do not differ from those of the 
Great Northern Diver. The two eggs from which Lieut. Palander 
shot the hen-bird near Pitiekai, Chuckchi peninsula, on July roth, 
averaged 3°65 by 2°3 in. The ‘laugh’ is said to be somewhat 
harsher than that of its congener. The distinctions between the 
two species have already been mentioned ; but it may be added 
that the length of a male bird is about 33 in., and of its wing 15°1 in. 
