FEEDING AND FEEDERS. 137 



the right, and the saucepan being on the left-hand side 

 of the grate, with its right side exposed to the action of 

 the fire, the scum will retreat to the left or cooler side, 

 and will be in the handiest position for removal, as will 

 be evident in a few minutes to any one trying it. After 

 a quarter of an hour of this treatment, the mixture will 

 have become in a great degree clarified, when it should 

 be removed from the fire, while the top bar of the grate 

 is let down so as to permit of its nearer approach to a 

 greater heat. Should there be any irregularity of the 

 fire it should now be corrected, but flame should be 

 prevented, as the mixture having parted with its water 

 will be liable to take fire if brought into contact with 

 flame. It will be well here to remark, that so long as 

 the scum remained on the syrup, there was a tendency 

 in the whole to boil over, since the water evolved in the 

 form of steam, while the boiling was going on accumu- 

 lating in a body, would lift the scum above the saucepan 

 to enable it to escape ; but when the scum was gone, the 

 water would be evolved in bubbles of steam, which 

 would crackle, but not boil over, unless a very intense 

 heat were applied. The duration of the boiling of the 

 clarified syrup, before it becomes liquid barley sugar, 

 will depend upon the amount of heat, and the conse- 

 quent evolution of the water, to which it is subjected ; 

 but trials may, from time to time, be made by dropping 

 a little on some cold surfaces to see if it becomes brittle, 

 and when that state is arrived at it is done. Pour it into 

 a tin dish, set it in a dry, cool place until it becomes 

 hard, and then by striking the tin on its underside, the 

 whole of the barley sugar will be splintered into frag- 

 ments, when it may be placed in bottles and corked up 

 for use as required. As Bees require pollen, or its sub- 

 stitute, meal, in addition to saccharine food, it is sometimes 



