102 SEEEAXID.Tl. 



rather large, protractile ; maxillary exposed, without supplemental bone ; 

 villiform teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines; tongue with 

 patches of teeth. Pneoperculum serrated; operculum with two feeble 

 spines. 7 branchiostegal rays. Two dorsals, contiguous or narrowly 

 separated, with 9 to 11 spines ; anal short, with 3 spines. Ventrals 

 a little behind vertical of base of pectorals, ^'ertebrte 25 (12 + 13). 



Coasts and mouths of rivers of the North Atlantic, as far south as the 

 Senegal, and Mediterranean, sometimes ascending rivers ; fresh waters of 

 North America (Mississippi and eastwards). Two species occasionally 

 ascend the Lower Nile and the Senegal. 



1. MOIIONE LABRAX. 



Perca hihra.r, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 482 (1766); Donov. Brit. Fish. ii. pi. xliii. 

 (1802). 



Perca punctata, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1311 (1789). 



Scia'na lalirax, Bloch, Ausl. Fischo, vi. p. 52, pi. ccci. (1792). 



Scicena diacantha, Bloch, t. e. p. 58, pi. cccii. 



Perca diacantha, Bloch, Schneid. Syst. Ichtli. i. ]). 85 (1801). 



Centropomus lupus, Lacep. Hist. Poiss. iv. p. 267 (1802). 



Perca elongata, GreofPr. Descr. Egypte, Poiss, pi. xix. fig. 1 (1809). 



I'ci'ca sinuosa, I. Geoffr. op. cit. p. 316, pi. xx. fig. 3. 



Liihrax lupus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Poiss. ii. p. 56, pi. ii. (1828) ; Yarr. Brit. Fish 

 i. p. 6, fig. (1836) ; Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital., Posci (1836) t Kroyer, Danm. 

 Fisk. i. p. 23 (1838) ; Costa, Faun. Nap., Pesci, pi. v. (1850) : Giinth. Cat. 

 Fish. i. 63 (1859) ; Steind. Verli. zool.-bot. Ues. ^Yicn, xii. 1862, p. 496; 

 Couch, Brit. Fish. i. ]). 189, pi. xl. (1862) ; ClLinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) 

 xii. 1863, p. 175 ; Biito Capello, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. i. 1867, p. 154, fi<rs. . 

 Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ivi. i. 1867, p. 606; Canestr. Faun. Ital., p"sci' 

 p. 78 (1874) ; Collett, Vid. Sel-^k. Forh. Christ. 1874, no. 3, p. 15 (1875) ] 

 Day, Fish. Gr. Brit. p. 8, pi. ii. (1880) ; Moreau, Poiss. France, ii. p. 333 

 (1881) ; Lilljeb. Sver. Norg. Fisk. i. p. 55 (1881) ; Mijbins & Heincke, 

 Fische Ostsee, p. 31 (1883) ; Doderl. Man. Ittiol. Medit. iv. p. 16 (1889). 



Lahrax elongatus, Cuv. & Val. t. c. p. 77 ; Giinth. t. c. p. 64. 



Lahra.v vulgaris, Gueiin, Icon. Ecgne Aiiim., Poiss. pi. i. fio-. 4 (1829). 



Pahmx diacanthiis, Gill, Proc. Ac. Pliilad. 1860, ji. 110 ; Peters Mon. Berl Ac 

 1865, p. 96. 



IHcentrarchus elongatus, Gill, t. c. ]}, 111. 



Lahrax linnei, Malm, Goteb. Bohus!. Faun. p. 379 (1877). 



Bicentrarclms lahrax, Jord. & Eigenm. Bull. U.S. Fish Comra. viii. 1890 p. 425 



Poccus lahrax, Suiitt, Scand. Fish. i. p. 45, fig. (1893). 



Morcmc lahrax, Bouleng. Cat.- Fish. i. p. 130 (1895), and Fish. Nile p 447 fio- 

 . (1907). ' ^'^ 



