xii CONTENTS 



CHAPTER XVI. 

 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF FERMENTATIVE PROCESSES 



SECTION PAGE 



1. Introduction 210 



2. The Production of Alcohol 211 



Beer — diseases of beer — whiskey — wine — diseases of wine — ginger- 

 beer — koumiss and kephir. 



3. Preparation of Vinegar 222 



CHAPTER XVII. 



INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF "FERMENTATIVE PROCESSES— 



Continued. 



1. Butter 224 



2. Defects in Butter 227 



3. Cheese 227 



4. Tanning 231 



5. Retting - 233 



6. Tobacco - 235 



7. Indigo 237 



8. Tea and Cocoa 238 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



SEWAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL 



1. Introduction - 239 



Bacteria found in sewage. 



2. Detection of Sewage Contamination - 245 



3. Treatment of Sewage 246 



4. Disposal without Purification 247 



5. Land Treatment 248 



6. Artificial Methods of Sewage Disposal 250 



7. Effect of Biological Treatment on Pathogenic Organisms 254 



Index 256 



